Concept of SOA in Tech-world


Globalization has transformed the face of business. Companies are rigorously adopting novel technology to gain competitive advantage. Among various advanced software developing technology, SOA (A service-oriented architecture) is a type of software architecture in which all of its services use protocols. This facilitates users to combine functionalities and form applications built from previous services. Since last two decades, SOA has been the standard development practice. According to the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It offers a uniform approach to discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.

Key components of SOA are service, service provider, clients, service locator, and service broker. These components permit the services to work and manage independently.



The fundamental principles of service-oriented architecture are autonomous of vendors, products and technologies. With the cloud, SOA lacks scalability and slows down with work request changes, restricting application development.
Service-orientation has been recognized as best fit approach to handle intricate business challenges due to the innate agility and reuse attributes of this architecture style.

When comparing with microservices, several developers found that SOA is more granular approach. Supporters of the SOA model consider that the microservice architecture is the natural fruition of SOA required to accommodate cloud computing and fulfil snowballing demands for quicker software development cycles.

Service oriented development brings to the IT world success and when deployed using a SOA, services also become the foundation for more easily creating range of new strategic solutions such as rapid integrated application, automated business processes, multichannel access to applications including fixed and mobile devices. SOA facilitate the composition of services across disparate piece of software whether old or new, departmental, enterprise wide or inter enterprise, mainframe, midtire, PC or mobile device to streamline IT processes and eliminate barriers to IT environment improvement.

SOA presents a methodology to achieve application, interoperability and reuse of IT assets that features a strong architectural focus including governance, processes, modelling, and tools. SOA represents an ideal level of abstractions for aligning business needs and technical capabilities and creating reusable coarse gain business functionality. SOA signifies a deployment infrastructure on which new applications can quickly and easily built. SOA is a reusable library of common business and IT functions.

It is established that SOA is a framework for integrating dissimilar resources or applications. SOA permits different applications written in different languages on different systems to be accessed and retrieved by a single composite application, such as a portal. Portals are a combination of all the tools and applications linked together by the SOA. Portals work in synchronized manner with other supporting technologies such as Content management systems, Document management systems, Knowledge management tools, Enterprise search, Light directory access protocol, Business intelligence, Web applications for finance, HR and operations, Customer relationship management and Web 2.0 (blogs, wikis).

Architectural Components of SOA used for SOA Deployment are Web Services, Portal Framework, Application Servers, Integration Framework, Security Framework, Analytics Framework, Master Data Management, Enterprise Service Bus, and BPM Framework.

Major benefits of SOA include faster and more flexible reconfiguration of business processes, less operational costs of information technology, secure and reliable service levels Implementing upgrades and product enhancements on the fly, seamless plug and play of different technology providers and/or custom legacy code.

Company faces several challenges while implementing SOA. These challenges align to the steps in a project deployment plan such as:
-       Service identification.
-       Service location.
-       Service domain definition which means how services should be grouped together into logical domains.
-       Service packaging which entails how is existing functionality within legacy mainframe systems to be re-engineered or wrapped into reusable services.
-       Service orchestration indicates that how are composite services to be coordinated.
-       Service routing means how are requests from service consumers to be routed to the appropriate service and/or service domain.
-       Service governance.
-       Service messaging standards adoption.

To wrap up, SOA is fundamentally a collection of services which communicate with each other. SOA is an effective approach to software design to map the needs for efficient, reliable, agile enterprise BI solutions. Briefly stating, Service oriented architecture is a standards-based and business-driven IT architectural approach to manage services made available by different software packages for reuse and reconfiguration.




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