Brain stroke: Causes and Emergency Management


Humans are more prone to severe health problem in present day situation as compared to previous time because of some technical progression leading to negative repercussion and poor lifestyle.

 Stroke is explained as sudden neurological deficit caused by impairment of perfusion to the brain. Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is a serious medical syndrome possibly caused when blood supply to brain is interrupted and lead to loss of brain cells. In simple language, a stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of human brain is cut off. When oxygen is disrupted in blood, brain cells start dying within minutes. Brain stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. 



A stroke is a kind of medical emergency because strokes can be deadly or incur permanent disability. Attendants must rush to hospital and patient of ischemic strokes needs treatment in the first few hours after the signs of a stroke beginning.

Stroke can be of two types:

Stroke may be due to ischemia, blocked artery, or it can be haemorrhagic, bursting of blood vessel. In majority of cases, a blood vessel that takes blood to brain gets plugged.

Another type of stroke is Hemorrhagic stroke. There is low frequency of this type of stroke as compared to an ischemic stroke but can be more serious. A blood vessel in brain balloons up and bursts, or a weakened one leaks. It may be due to abnormally high blood pressure and consuming excessive blood thinner medicine.



Symptoms and Signs of stroke:

The symptoms of a stroke vary in patient. It totally depends upon the area of the brain affected by lack of oxygen. All strokes have symptoms related to damage of nerve function. The symptoms arise abruptly and mainly occur on one side of the body. These are as under.
-       Numbness
-       Weakness
-       Tingling
-       Vision loss or changes

Other symptoms include confusion, changes in the level of consciousness, trouble in speaking, trouble in understanding speech, vertigo, and balance problems. Headache, nausea, and vomiting in stroke indicate that there is bleeding inside the brain.

Risk factors for brain stroke are obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and diabetes. Furthermore genetics has vital role in developing this deadly condition. Brain stroke has dangerous health consequences such as paralysis of contralateral sides of the body, impairment of cognitive function, emotional difficulties and abnormal behaviours. Males are more susceptible to brain stroke as compared to females.



Diagnosis and treatment:

For effective treatment of brain stroke, emergency team needs to evaluate the type of stroke patient is having and the areas of brain affected by the stroke. Neurologists may conduct several tests to diagnose the causes and risk factor of stroke.

In emergency treatment, doctor must quickly restore blood flow to brain for the treatment of an ischemic stroke. Treatment with clot-busting drugs must be started within 3 hours if they are given into the vein.

In medical researches, it is mentioned that aspirin is an immediate treatment given in the emergency case to lessen the probability of having another stroke. Aspirin prevents blood clots from forming. But it must be assured with treating doctor.
For emergency treatment of haemorrhagic stroke, doctors mainly focus to control patient’s bleeding and dropping pressure in brain. Sometimes surgery is done to help reduce future risk.

Quick treatment of stroke increase the chances of survival of patient. When person is affected by stroke, time has great value. Attendants must call immediately to nearby clinic for instant treatment. Meanwhile, attendants must make the patient in comfortable position. Sooner, patient should be lying on one side with their head slightly raised and supported in case they vomit. It is not recommended to give anything to eat or drink.

To avoid stroke, person must improve their lifestyle. They must take a healthy diet, increase intake of fruits, vegetables, fish and certain herbs such as garlic. Eating oranges and other citrus fruits may help reduce stroke risk

To sum up, stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or is congested by a blood clot. It is imperative to give treatment immediately to save patient’s life.


Important: This article is developed through environmental information and/ or personal view of writer. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement

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