Stem Cell therapy for Neurological Disorders: Life saver or threat



It is claimed in medical reports that stem cells is used in patients suffering from neurological disorders. But it is a stormily debate among researchers and medical experts. Some view this therapy as a lifesaving capsule where as others feared about the consequences of inducing this treatment. Today, people are excited to know that medical specialists have options to treat irreversible ailment of the brain such as onset neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease, younger onset inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis or even conditions in which there is an inborn fault of metabolism.

Stem cells are part of the body’s normal repair system which substitutes dented or dying cells where possible. In Stem cell therapy, medical experts introduce cells into the damaged tissue in order to treat the disorder or the injury. Stem cells have not yet developed to perform a particular function and are described as unspecialised. Each stem cell has capacity to develop into one of a number of different specialised cell types depending on the body’s needs at a particular time. The stem cells have potential to self-renew and also augment further generation of cells that can reproduce.

Stem-cell-based technology offers miraculous prospects for the future. These embrace the ability to reproduce human tissues and potentially healing damaged organs such as the brain, spinal cord, vertebral column and the eye, where doctors provide supportive care to prevent the situation from worsening.


Neurological diseases are mainly the outcome of a loss of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system. For these irreversible neurological disorders, there is no effectual treatment and patients have to live with these diseases till death.  With the emergence of stem cell therapy, there is a great hope for a promising treatment for these neurological ailments. Many medical professionals visualized stem cell therapy as one of the advanced treatment options for range of mental disorders such as Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental retardation, Muscular Dytrophy, Spinal Cord Injury, Paralysis, Brain Stroke, Cerebellar Ataxia and Others. This treatment has the potential to restore and repair the damaged neural tissue at molecular, structural and functional level.

Treatment of neurological diseases is highly challenging for psychiatrists because of limited neuron regeneration. Regrettably, available treatment portions do not provide good solutions to regenerate neurons, at the same time cannot prevent loss of neurons. So, neural stem cell therapies are really great option to treat neurodegenerative disorders.

Some of the neurological disorders are categorized below:


Alzheimer disease: This is most common age related neurodegenerative ailment. Millions of people around the globe are affected with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is characterized by cardinal changes in the brain. It is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that gradually impairs memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to perform the simplest tasks. It is shown in psychiatric researches that embryonic stem cells may support effectually in Alzheimer's disease, a progressive and deadly disorder that vitiates and destroy brain cells.


Parkinson’s disease: It is multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the mid brain. This neurological disorder is a progressive syndrome of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops slowly, sometimes starting with a barely obvious tremor in just one hand. In brief, it can be said that a person's brain slowly stops producing a neurotransmitter known as dopamine. With less and less dopamine, a person has less and less ability to control their movements, body and emotions. Though this is not deadly disorder but complications are complex. Stem cells therapy is helpful to people suffering from Parkinson's, a neurodegenerative disorder that can cause inflexibility on limbs, motor skills and speech problems. Medical studies revealed that embryonic stem cells can help in motivating the dopamine making neurons that Parkinson's patient requires.

 

Huntington disease: It is a progressive, fatal, monogenic neurodegenerative disease. Hungtington disease is caused by an expansion of triplet region of polyglutamine repeats in the Huntingtin protein. There is no proven medical therapy available to alleviate its clinical manifestations.


Multiple sclerosis: It is a chronic neurodegenerative demyelinating disorder. Multiple sclerosis is long-term disease that can affect brain, spinal cord, and the optic nerves in eyes. This neurological disorder create problems with vision, balance, muscle control, and other basic body functions. Stem cell therapy is a principally experimental treatment for multiple sclerosis and is being tested in clinical trials.


Major threat to stem cell therapies is the unfettered commercial markets. These include both autologous treatments, re-injecting a patient’s own cells to new locations, and allogeneic treatments where donor cells are transplanted to patients.


Recently, medical professionals and scientists greatly use of stem cells for the treatment of neurological diseases. They apply different sources of cells for transplantation such as neural progenitor cells, neural stem cells, or embryonic stem cells.  But a miraculous research of stem cell therapy is highly beneficial for array of neurological disorders of person that totally make their life hell. 

Poisonous plants severely impact human health

It is highlighted in innumerable medical researches that some plants contain toxic chemical substances which human consumes with their meals. Regular use of these toxic plants can cause many life threatening diseases. People must be aware about toxicity which can be severe or persistent and there are individual differences in tolerating poison. Other factors such as age, genetics, sex, diet, physiological state, or the health status also affect when toxic substance is consumed by a person.

The quantity of toxic substances in plants can fluctuate with time due to budding season or as a consequence of environmental aspects such as famine. For instance, a toxic concentration of nitrate is usually high during drought that prevents the normal growth of many plants.

It is observed that Solanum agrarium plant have toxin impact on humans which can induce cytogenetic damage. Another toxic plant, the genus Euphorbia generates caustic lattices that cause serious health conditions in humans. If person comes in direct contact with this plant, there may be blindness. Other toxic plants categorized by scientists include   E. balsamifera, E. hyssopifolia, E. heterophylla that have harmful effect on humans. There are hazardous consequences of eating of a poisonous plants. People may complain for gastrointestinal trouble such as nausea, vomiting. Tung nut is grown all over the world. If the ripe nuts of this plant are eaten by people, it can cause abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

Another popular plant, the Marijuana, identified as psychoactive plant has adverse effect on health of humans if consumed frequently. Some health issues related to consumption of marijuana are mutilation of thinking and memory, reduced balance, lowering blood pressure, high risk of chronic cough and respiratory problems.


To wrap the facts, it is well recognized that plants contain colossal quantity of chemicals that can be beneficial as well as harmful for human health. Toxic plants may weaken human organs and sometimes severely detriment that cannot be reversed. 

Hidden healing truth in Buddhism doctrines: Compelling pillar for impeccable human life



Medial science is still immature to deal with intricate and lethal ailments that causes human ending. But standing on spiritual dais, humans can amass unlimited energies to prevent their bodies from conversion into fossils on earth bed. 

Among glut spiritual dogmas, Buddhism is one of the path that guide people to live healthy life and enthuses them to perform special duties assigned by supreme power.

Buddhism sprouted from Indian womb and showered by Lord Budhha and many popular and unknown monks that gave their altruistic contribution to enhance the life of humans around the globe.

Backdrop of Buddhism creed:

Buddhism is predominant philosophy among all cultures in the world. From the Buddhist standpoint, mind or consciousness is the central to human existence.  Emotions like pleasure and pain, human traits such as good and evil, time and space, life and death are trivial to human apart from their awareness of them or beliefs about them. Buddhism dogmas do not rebuff the veracity of material existence, nor does it disregard the great impact of physical world on human life. Quite the reverse, it repudiates the mind-body contradiction of the Brahmans and states that mind and body are inter-reliant.

The Buddhist ‘Path of Life’ offers medicaments for the physical, mental, ethical and spiritual well-being of each individual and shove them to develop Acumen and have Benevolence towards all forms of life. There are five basic precepts, undertaking the rule of training:

1.   To refrain from killing (especially human life).
2.   To refrain from taking that which is not given.
3.   To refrain from misuse of the senses and sexual transgression.
4.   To refrain from dishonest or using false or harmful speech.
5.   To refrain from taking alcoholic drink or drugs as this fogs the mind.

The Four Noble Truths:


The Buddha's Four Noble Truths are key to his credo. Many appraised these truth as the essence of the Buddha's lessons. The Buddha was enlightened with these four principles during his meditation under the bodhi tree. 




These truths explore human anguish. They may be elaborated below:

Dukkha (the truth of suffering): 

Human suffering is factual truth and almost widespread. Suffering has many grounds such as loss, sickness, pain, failure, the transience of pleasure.  It is well elaborated that the first noble truth is dukkha. In Buddha’s teaching it is expounded that human life have the nature of some aspect of suffering. Even they consider themselves as happy for a moment still this happiness is temporary by nature. It entails that human may experience transitory happiness and pleasure in life.

Suffering can be distinguished in three types:

1. Suffering of suffering: This denotes to the most apparent aspects such as pain, fear and mental agony.

2. Suffering of change: It is associated with the problems that brings substantial change such as joy disappears, nothing stays, degeneration and death.

3. Unescapable suffering: It is an intricate aspect of suffering. It can be explained as the fact that People have the potential to suffer or can face challenging situations. Even death is not a solution in Buddhist viewpoint. Human will simply find themselves being reborn in to new body, which will also experience problems.

Samudaya (The truth of the origin of suffering): 


Buddha’s teachings explicated that whenever human being experience some pain or suffer, there is some solid cause for suffering. These reasons ultimately emanates from human mind. According to Buddhism, main mental problems or root misunderstandings of humans are attachment, annoyance and ignorance. Because of these misconceptions, people engage in actions that trigger problems to themselves and others. Buddhism philosophy accentuated that whatever negative action (karma) performed by people, they create a potential for negative experiences.


Nirodha (The truth of the cessation of suffering): 

In Buddha’s doctrine, this noble truth is related to an end to suffering. Suffering ends with the final emancipation of Nirvana. The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or passion. This is great and highly positive teaching of Buddhism.  Although suffering is always present in cyclical existence, Human can terminate this cycle of problems and agony and enter in to the stage of Nirvana, which is alleviation of all suffering.

The cognitive justification of this dominant doctrine of Buddha is that suffering and the reasons of suffering are reliant on the state of human mind. If they transform their psyche, they can also eradicate all suffering.

Magga (The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering): 

In order to end suffering, people must follow the Eightfold Path. The dharma teaches the Buddhist the way to progress to nirvana. The expedition is accomplished by following the Buddha’s Four Nobel Truths, called Pativedhanana, which means “The wisdom of realization”. If humans avoid wounding all other living beings, if they improve and focus of their mind, and if they gain wisdom, then they can get real happiness, the end of all misery.

The Path is Eightfold and segmented as Right View, Thought, Speech, Actions, Livelihood, Meditation, Effort and Mindfulness.

Core basic principles of Buddhism are the philosophies of rebirth and karma. The Fourth Noble Truth of Buddhism  doctrine are efficacious tactics, a discipline, a way of life designed to free people from grief and improve the nature of human existence. It also includes moral teachings, self-discipline, development of wisdom and understanding, and improvement of one's environment on both at personal and social level.

In medical terms, Budhhism doctrines are equivalent to the process of therapies for healing painful human ailment. The Buddha is often associated with great doctor of medicine. To prove this logic, experts inferred that in the first two Noble Truths, Buddha diagnosed the problem (suffering) and recognized its cause. The third Noble Truth is the apprehension that there is a treatment for diseases. The fourth Noble Truth, in which the Buddha sets out the Eightfold Path, is the medicine, the way to accomplish a release from anguish.




Health wonders of Buddhism doctrines:

The Buddha's wisdoms spawned from India to Asian countries. To the East, these principles illuminated in nations like Japan, China and South East Asia. Buddhism doctrines had left immense impact on the social practices of healthcare in the North countries such as Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia and Russia.

With passage of time, medicinal research progressed remarkably in healing of plentiful critical diseases suffered by humans. Many of the ancient disease like plagues, polio and smallpox have been vanished from human global society and are not threat to erupt in future. Average life of humans is extended due to medical revolutions.  Hitherto medical science has several inadequacies that are menace to human health. People have to pay heavy price in terms of loss of life as treatment is not in the hand of doctors. Lively examples of cancer and AIDS. There is no solid treatment or cure for such patients and they slowly move in death path. Briefly, modern medicine, with its prime focus on human physiology, is mournfully and is not equipped to fight and cure a crowd of devastating syndromes that are either triggered by mental, emotional and spiritual causes.

When science do not offer any cure of intricate health ailments, people either logically or forcefully get diverted to discover natural tactics or spiritual dogmas that aid them to heal their sufferings. Though spectrum of healing techniques are available but one that can logically convinced humans to eradicate their lethal health problems is to espouse the principles of Buddhism.

The Buddhist dogmas of good health accentuate the balanced interaction between the mind and body as well as between life and its environment.  According to Buddha’s philosophies, people fall ill when this subtle equilibrium is saddened. Major intent of Buddhist creed is to restore and toughen this balance.




Today’s major disease concerns are cancer, AIDS or any psychological conditions instigated by the stress and strain from workplace or home.  These ailments are complicated and are increasingly more difficult to treat. Therefore modern medicine also explored ways in other arenas for different treatment tactics to cure such conditions and to help people to lead normal life. Buddhism countless principles and practices are helpful to bring peace and happiness to the mind and health of humans.



For treating chronic illness, Buddhism beliefs do not rebuff the invention of modern medicine and myriads of diagnostic and therapeutic tools at its disposal. Teachings of Buddhism proclaims that they make it possible for an individual not only to create value even in face of the severest danger, including sickness, but to furnace from them an opportunity for personal progression. According to Ronald Siegel, a Buddhist practitioner and a psychologist on the clinical faculty of Harvard Medical School, the practice of mindfulness can assuage suffering and it can reduce the intensity of physical pain sensations. For example, chronic back pain are triggered by muscular tension instead of structural problems in the body. Back pain and other pain disorders instigate from a feedback loop stimulated by anxiety and deleterious feelings that create muscles tension. In such cases, Buddha’s healing power can be highly beneficial to alleviate suffering but the amount of muscle pain itself can be reduced by a change in attitude.

Abundant of researchers and intellectuals explored in Buddhism, a series of mental exercises or meditations intended to discover and cure psychic abnormalities of humans triggered from stress and anxiety. Buddhist meditation deals absolutely with the everyday phenomena of human awareness. In Buddhism principles, the decisive goals of meditation are realization of Nibbana and the elimination of dukkha or suffering. Nibbana is beyond the monarchy of conceptualization and all other forms of normal human experience. Meditation is a tranquil technique to heal numerous physical and mental suffering. By practicing this process, individuals deeply connect personally with themselves and through prayers and admiration. They attain purification, or cleansing of their emotional, physical, spiritual and mental parts. People who continually practice, they attain Physical and mental cleansing. It may release their worries and disturbed thoughts of their surroundings. The spiritual cleansing offers a linking to the spirit while emotional cleansing is a unification of all the above. The process of these cleansings brings person to a calmer and more grounded state.

Buddhism philosophy sternly emphasize on personal responsibility and enthusiasm. These guidelines are training principles instead of commandments. Each individual must be given liberty to take his or her own decisions.

Diet has vital role in healing complex mental or physical disorders. Many Buddhists are vegetarian or fruitarian as they respect other emotional beings. Some followers absorbed the belief for eating only one main meal a day. This is generally eaten before midday. But these instructions were not forced as Buddha asked his monks to eat whatever they get.

Gist of Buddhism doctrine is that Buddha’s teaching relays the message to humans to end sufferings. The Buddha imparted that humans suffer countless physical and mental problems because they continually strive after things that do not give lasting glee. As a human, all frantically try to hold on to things such as friends, health, material things that do not last, and this causes distress.

Buddhism doctrines are pervasive and entrenched in the life of human living any region of this planet.  As a human, we all have some kind of suffering and there is always a cause of these agony. Buddha tried to explore this hidden truth in his mediating state beneath Bodhi tree and enlightened with spiritual solution of all anguish. He preached his pupils in such a wonderful way that it resolved all human sufferings and humans who comprehended and chased his teaching achieved pinnacle of pleasure. In human life cycle, Buddha’s teaching and healing philosophies worked as magical medicine which made human life pleasurable and impeccable.  In present scenario, Buddhism beliefs are espoused by majority of global people not only for spiritual reasons but to heal their woe and breathe as healthy person.
Important: This article is based on available information. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement
  

How mobile devices cause lethal human diseases

In the era of technical progression, humans frequently use mobile devices to perform their normal and professional tasks. Proliferation of cellular phones has been observed since the past two decades. Mobile phones may be used people as hand-held, hands-free fitted into a car, a hands-free kit that comprises of an earphone and mouthpiece connected to a transmitter worn on the belt.

Though we are modernized and well connected with all global locations with mobile phones in digital age, these devices gripped us to live in intensely challenging environment that has precarious health consequences. One of the lethal health repercussion of constantly using mobile phone is brain cancer. People usually dreadful to hear this disease stage for anyone. But plethora of medical researchers conferred that brain cancer may occur due to mobile phone usage.

There are some major grounds for developing fatal disease brain cancer in humans for excessive use of cell phones:

Ø First devastating impact of Cell phones that leads to cancer is that these devices discharge electromagnetic waves, a form of non-ionizing radiation, from their antennas. Tissues nearest to the antenna can absorb this energy.
Ø With the advent of digital technology, people prefer to use mobile phone therefore mobile users are increasing at speedy rate around the globe. With reference to United States, statistical data revealed that in December 2014, there were more than 327.5 million cell phone subscribers in the United States. This explosive rate may emit more radio waves and may cause brain cancer.
With time, it is observed that the number of cell phone calls per day, the length of each call, and the amount of time people use cell phones have amplified. These trends are cause of worry for propagation of deadly disease like brain cancer.

To elaborate the danger of cell phone usage, it is important to comprehend radioactive energy and lethal consequences. In common term, Radiofrequency energy is a type of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range are used for telecommunications applications that consists of cell phones, televisions, and radio transmissions. The human body absorbs energy from devices that release electromagnetic radiation (Non-Ionizing). The dose of the absorbed energy is estimated using a measure called the specific absorption rate (SAR), which is expressed in watts per kilogram of body weight.

It is revealed in plethora of medical researches that constant exposure of users to ionizing radiation, such as from x-rays proliferate the risk of cancer. Other significant studies have scrutinized the possible health effects of non-ionizing radiation from radar, microwave ovens, cell phones but presently, it is not confirmed that non-ionizing radiation cause cancer.

Another health hazard due to mobile phone usage is sleep disorder. Several coherent studies have revealed that excessive mobile phone use was linked with sleep disorders. Prime factors contributed to intervallic sleep pattern are getting waked in midnight due to mobile rings and vibration.
People who regularly use cell phone are vulnerable to heart disease.

One of the dangerous consequences of using cell phone is infertility. Abundant of studies have been conducted to prove the fact which revealed shocking results that mobile phone radiation drops sperm count in male.
Hearing impairment is also a harmful impact of regularly using mobile phones. Numerous Studies have shown that long-term exposure to electromagnetic field from mobile phones causes hearing problems.

Many scientific reports strongly correlate conceivable relationship between exposures to strong radio frequency signals (RF) during mobile phone use and testified harmful effects. People may complaint for health problems like headache, dizziness, nausea, memory loss, mood swings, sleep disorders, fatigue, loss of  concentration, lack of coordination, pain in hands or arms and skin sensations.

It is appraised that electromagnetic waves change electrical activity of the brain and as a result, it causes sleep disorder. They increase the resting blood pressure and decrease the production of melatonin. They are also concerned in DNA strand disruptions. Excessive mobile phones impair key brain cells and could prompt the early inception of many irreversible mental ailment like Alzheimer’s disease. Investigators stated that radiation from mobile phone have potential to injure areas of the brain related with learning, memory and movement.

Other health issues with exposure to microwave radiation include:

§  Cause memory loss and mental confusion
§  Cause headaches and induce extreme fatigue
§  Damages nerves in head
§  Cause blood cells to leak haemoglobin
§  Create joint pain, muscle spasms and tremors
§  Create burning sensation and rash on the skin
§  Induce ringing in the ears, damage sense of smell
§  Precipitate cataracts, retina damage and eye cancer
§  Reduce the number and efficiency of white blood cells
§  Trigger asthma by producing histamine in mast cells
§  increases digestive problems
T
enTo capsulate, mobile phone users are growing rocketing high globally. People find these devices comfortable and technology wonder to communicate with each other and business persons visualized it effectual means to extend their services to clients. Huge exposures to radiofrequency radiation have amplified dramatically in recent years due to extensive use of mobile phones. This has led to potential adverse health effects, particularly lumps of the central nervous system, mental ailments, hearing problems and disturbances in sleep patterns. It is highly recommended by medical professionals that people must limit the use mobile gadgets. When using mobile phones, they must use hand free or put the mobile on speaker. In highly digitalized climate, we cannot evade mobile gadgets as it will disrupt personal as well as corporate functions due to high dependency. But we must have to take preventive measures to consume slow poison through .using these devices which triggers many killer diseases.  

Disruptive innovation is means for business growth of companies

Innovation of any kind is highly supportive and advantageous for business growth of any corporation. Today companies are making revolutionary changes in their business operations and hiring experts who can innovate products to capture global market. Among many innovative techniques, disruptive innovation has special significance.

The phrase disruptive innovation has special meaning in literature. Disruptive innovation denotes to the processes of replacing older technologies with technologies that alter the sequence of development. Disruptive innovation was devised by Clayton M. Christensen (1997), who recognized them as novel technologies that transform the previous course of enterprises’ development.

Disruptive innovation model

Disruptive innovation initially attract customers and require certain value chain  of activities and ways of competing that are only different but which also conflict with existing way of competing. Many researchers and business experts inferred that leading western firms are not willing to introduce disruptive innovation in their market. Because such innovation do not appeal to consumers.

Several business intellectuals squabble that disruptive innovation are rarely seen as opportunities by giant companies. Instead these innovations are observed as major threat because they create new market conditions that cannibalize existing products and undermine the established company’s prevailing competence. Challengers of these thoughts voiced that disruptive innovations emerge as golden opportunities in marketplace. In the view of some experts, disruptive innovations may result in altering business scenario of firms. But they do not often rely on technological revolutions. Actually, many times the technology is quite insignificant. It is the business model, the way a company organizes and acts that drives disruption.

In nutshell, disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, ultimately shifting established rivals. It is the starter of novel technologies, products or services that surprisingly shift a conventional technology, product or service.




Liver cancer: conquering deadly ailment



Liver cancer is uncommon and lethal disease that affects people around the globe. Person is griped under liver problem when normal cells in the liver become abnormal in appearance and behaviour. The cancer cells can then become damaging to adjacent normal tissues, and can spread both to other areas of the liver and to organs outside the liver. 

Know about liver: 

The liver is major and large organ inside the body. It lies under right ribs of human body, just below the right lung. The liver is shaped like a pyramid and is divided into right and left lobes. 



 


The liver has vital role in the composition and circulation of blood, therefore it impacts all body systems. Major functions of the liver include:

-      Making proteins to help blood clot.

-      Clearing some wastes from the body.

-      Making bile, a yellowish-green fluid needed for digestion and absorption of food and vitamins.

-      Breaking down and storing many of the nutrients that are absorbed from food by the intestines.

-      Storing vitamins, minerals and iron.

-      Purifying blood by breaking down and removing medications and poisons, such as alcohol and nicotine.

-      Making hormones, proteins and enzymes.

According to gastroenterologist, liver cancer is a tumour that primarily forms in the tissue of the liver. There are different types of liver cancer exist according to the type of cancerous cells.


Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver cancer. It accounts for 90% of all liver cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma begins in hepatocytes, the main cells of the liver.








Statistics showed that Liver cancer cases are more common in men as compared to women.

Major symptoms of liver cancer:

Liver cancer symptoms can be ambiguous and these are silent until the cancer is in progressive stage. Symptoms include:

1.   Unexplained weight loss
2.   Loss of appetite
3.   Jaundice - yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes
4.   Skin itching
5.   Nausea and vomiting
6.   Swollen abdomen
7.   Feeling very full after eating
          8. Feeling tired and weak




Causes of liver cancer:
Medical researchers still not found exact causes for developing liver cancer but they explained that it may due to liver damage.
Liver damage occurs if person has cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis.


Risk factors:

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are key Risk factor for liver cancer. These viruses can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles and through unprotected sex.

Diagnosis of liver cancer: Physicians or gastroenterologist recommend surveillance ultrasound of patients in every 6 months in a patient who have cirrhosis. This is the best way to diagnose liver cancer.
When doctor suspect that cancer cells are developing, he recommend further tests that are mentioned below:

-      Blood tests: Patients with liver cancer have high level of alfa-fetoprotein (AFP). A rising level of AFP is doubtful for liver cancer. Other labs tests include des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, which can be elevated in most patients with liver cancer.



-      Imaging studies: Multiphasic helical CT scan and MRI with contrast of the liver are the chosen imaging to detect the location and extent of blood supply to the cancer. If any imaging study is unconvincing, then an alternative imaging study or follow-up imaging study should be performed for confirmation of liver cancer. 


-      Gastroenterologists also perform liver biopsy to detect liver cancer. Liver biopsy is not required in every case.



Treatment options:

The treatment for liver cancer depends on the spread of the cancer and the overall health of the liver. Sometimes, liver cancer can be treated with surgery to remove the part of liver with cancer.

Another treatment option is liver transplantation. The surgeon replaces the cancerous liver with a healthy liver from another person.

Ablation therapy: In this procedure, doctors induce therapy to kill cancer cells in the liver without any surgery. The doctor can kill cancer cells using heat, laser, or by injecting a special alcohol or acid directly into the cancer. This procedure may be used in palliative care.

Embolization technique is also performed to treat liver cancer. It is the blocking of the blood supply to the cancer. This technique uses a catheter to inject particles or beads that can block blood vessels that feed the cancer. Starving the cancer of the blood supply averts the progression of the cancer. Complications of embolization include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Radiation therapy is also applied for liver cancer patients. Radiation uses high-energy rays directed to the cancer to kill cancer cells. Complications of radiation therapy are skin irritation near the treatment site, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

Chemotherapy is most common treatment procedure for liver cancer. Chemotherapy uses a medicine that kills cancer cells. The medicine can be given by mouth or by injecting it into a vein or artery feeding the liver. People show many side effects from chemotherapy, depending on the medications used and the patient's individual response. Complications of chemotherapy include fatigue, easy bruising, hair loss, nausea and vomiting, swollen legs, diarrhoea, and mouth sores. But these side effects are generally temporary and disappear as person develops healthy liver cells.

Liver transplant is also performed for patients whose liver is severely damaged due to cirrhosis.

Nutrition for liver cancer patient:

Liver cancer patients must take good diet. Some tips are mentioned below:

-      Consume enough calories to correct or prevent weight loss and improve nutrition.

-      They must limit consumption of the sodium in their diet to 2,000 mg (one teaspoon) per day.

-      It is highly recommended to take meals at shot intervals.
.
-      They must plan diet that includes calories and protein which helps in liver cells regeneration and improves liver function.

It is not restricted to dining out but they must avoid some ill dietary practices such as:

-      Avoid fast food of restaurants.

-      Spicy food must not be taken instead order broiled meat or fish.

-      They can order sauces on the side and use very small amounts.

Liver patients must Increase the fibre in their diet such as fresh or raw fruits and vegetables, whole grains, prunes, nuts and dates to avoid constipation.


Liver cancer can be prevented through adopting healthy lifestyle and regular exercise. Early awareness of severity of disease can equip people to avoid these lethal diseases such as cancer in later part of life.

Tobacco smoking has adverse impact on human health therefore it must be stopped.

Physically lethargic, improper diet and obesity are the major factors that hasten the chances of developing liver cancer.

According to health reports, environmental pollution of air, water and soil with carcinogenic chemicals lead to cancers therefore person must avoid living in such places.

When patient is diagnosed with liver cancer he/she is morally down. Many patients experience feelings of anxiety, depression, sadness, stress, and have difficulty sleeping or eating. Families of cancer patients also exhibit myriads of emotions. Major concern of cancer patients are fear of death, interruption of life plans, changes in body image and self-confidence, changes in social role and lifestyle and finally most import is financial and legal issue. People suffering from this lethal ailment must educate themselves and know the sources that can lessen the deadly impact of this disease. In technically savvy world, medical science is advancing minute by minute therefore patients or their family members must not give up and confidently voyage in the path of exploring techniques that can help to cure this disease.


Caregivers have great responsibilities to handle cancer patient. They must perform following duty for good mental and physical health of these patients:

-      Offer support and encouragement
-      Give medications at proper time
-      Help to manage symptoms and side effects
-      Synchronize medical appointments
-      Help in diet planning
-      Helping with household chores
-      Properly handle insurance and billing issue

Liver cancer is assessed as life threatening and it has intense impact on whole family of sufferer in terms of emotional, financial, and moral values. Liver is a sensitive organ and utmost care has to be taken to remain healthy and to avoid any serious consequences in later life. People can avoid deadly liver cancer syndrome through boosting their self-confidence and should be ready to adopt changes in their life.

Important note: This article is penned by Ragini Sinha. Information is fetched from different authentic sources. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement. 


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