Increasing rate of juvenile crime

Juvenile crimes are rising at alarming rate in present complex global environment. Large number of adolescents and youths are involved in delinquent activities like theft, shop lifting, vandalism, and drug trafficking and alcohol abuse. Juvenile delinquency is the action of committing a wrongdoing at a very young age.

Teens of broken families jump into criminal world and become violent. Another leading cause of juvenile crime is lack of finances. Teens walk into wrong path to enhance their financial status. Lacks of social and moral training to teens also lead them to juvenile crime. Several individual factors and characteristics has been related with juvenile felony. These individual factors include age, gender, complications during pregnancy and delivery, impulsivity, violence, and substance use. Children's and adolescents' interactions with family and peers greatly impact the development of antisocial behaviour. Family interactions are vital factor during early childhood and it can have long-lasting effects.

Delinquency is also linked with low school performance, absence, and school dropout at a young age. Poor parenting practices are major risk factors for this wrongdoing. Parenting practices that are responsible for juvenile crime are negligence or the absence of supervision throughout childhood and adolescence, the presence of explicit conflict or abuse, discipline that is unpredictable or inappropriate to the behaviour and a lack of emotional support from family.

The problem of juvenile delinquency is getting worse in present situation and crime prevention programmes are not armed to handle the present realities or there are less effective strategies to deal with such crimes.

But many intellectuals, counsellors and law makers stressed that the most effective preventive techniques to curb Juvenile crime is to provide good education, recreation, community development, conducting special program, giving training for parent child interaction, and bullying  prevention program.

To bind up, the graph of Juvenile crimes are in mounting. These crimes are serious, which is intense threat to human society. The legal professionals and authorities must formulate and implement policies to curb these criminal activities.  

Carbon Nano-tubes pose occupational health hazard

Today whole world is experiencing rapid technological innovation which has changed the face of human living. One such progress is in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the manufacturing and application of material and devices at nano scale (1-100 nm) by using unique characteristics of nanoparticles that are different than those of fine and coarse particles. A carbon nanotube is a tube shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometre scale. Carbon nanotubes are formed from essentially the graphite sheet and the graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled up continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexagons. 

Carbon nanotubes are major invention to facilitate plentiful industrial operations. These are minuscule, cylindrical, artificial types of carbon and these tubes differ from each other in shape such as some have single-walled while other tube may be multi-walled. Nano tubes also vary in chemical composition such as pure carbon or contain metals or different materials.

Despite of huge investment in nanotechnology, there are key issues of environment and health safety aspect of this technology. Under some conditions, nanotubes can cross membrane barriers, which suggests that if raw materials reach the human organ, they can induce dangerous effects such as inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Occupational health is a major concern of counsellors and scholars for people who handle dangerous material in environment. Though national government and management take utmost care and adopt preventive measures to improve occupational protection and health of personnel in organization but it is sometimes ineffectual to control the health. With uproar of modern technologies, nanotechnology have varied utilization in diverse area of human consumption. It is well accepted that Nanotechnology has competency to boost productivity of companies because these tiny particles has wonderful application in business.

Today scholars are continually involve in finding health risk associated with nanotechnology. High risk exposure of these nano particles are swallowing through polluted air intake and dermal contact. It was perceived that general exposure to these materials is by inhaling the gas or vaporizer, making skin get in touch with the substance, consumption the material, and even substance is absorbed through eye contact. Personnel in workplace get exposure to nanoparticles in open systems of production where nanoparticles are frequently applied, work with nanoparticles in liquids and in maintenance process such as clean-up extraction systems. The usage of nanostructured powders may lead to airborne nano particulate experience. Specific Carbon nanotubes can increase the chance of lung ailments.

To condense the strands, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are some of the most vital materials to result from nanotechnology. Application of nano particles in organizations pose high risks at work environment. Nanotechnology is evolving technology that is mostly applying in various industrial, medical and other sectors to generate revenues and augment the growth of organization. Several researches argue that nano particles have severe ramifications on huge number of workers who are exposed to this during engineering and management of merchandises.

Unnoticed malnutrition in elderly people

Undernourishment in older people over the age of 65 is sometimes ignored which can lead to major elderly health problems like deterioration of immune system and muscle feebleness. The causes of malnutrition can originate from other health issues such as suffering from dementia, depression, alcoholism, dietary restraints, inactiveness in social circle and limited income.

It is a general consensus that nutritional deficiencies are a foreseeable consequence of aging. Malnutrition in elderly people is often due to inadequate food intake, food choices that lead to dietary deficiencies, and disease that causes increased nutrient requirements, poor nutrient absorption, or a blend of these factors. It is well observed that poor oral health and dental problems can lead to difficulty chewing, inflammation, and a repetitive diet that is tasteless upsurge the risk of malnutrition. Gradual loss of vision and hearing may restrict movement and consequently, it affects in preparing meals and buying favourite food.  Several psychosocial and environmental changes like isolation, loneliness, depression and insufficient money also impact greatly on dietary intake and deteriorate nutritional status of elderly people.

These causal factors for poor nourishment in old age can be reverse if addressed early and properly. To detect the malnutrition, it is important to observe eating habits through spending good amount of time. It is good to monitor weight of old people. Many drugs affect appetite, digestion and nutrient absorption. Therefore, elderly people must be closely observed for these conditions so that they can retain good health.

Care taker or children of elderly people must engage family doctor for regular check-ups. They must be encouraged to eat food with high nutritive value such as spread peanut butters on toast, ripe fruits, and cooked vegetables. At home, care takers must make a restricted diet tastier by using lemon juice, herbs and spices. If elderly one has problem with loss of taste and smell, then try with seasonings and recipes. A nutritional supplement must be considered for older people.

In wrapping the medical facts about the health of elderly group, it is well realized that poor nutritional status is important areas of concern. Due to malnutrition, these people lose their weight, worsen resistance to infection or other disease and consequently there is decline in health, reduced physical and cognitive functional status.

Maintain fitness with Roller Skating

Roller Skating is an entertaining sport and effectual way to boost muscular strength and cardiorespiratory durability. Skating aids in improving strength, balance, suppleness, and coordination.

Roller skating is the ideal fun recreational activity to retain good health. It helps people to develop a fitness habit with sport that’s enjoyable for all ages. Skaters run on the surface with roller skates. Skates are available in three basic varieties which include quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates.

In basic sense, roller skating is the act of moving with the use of roller skates. Roller skating is popular sport predominant around the globe. There are a number of competitive sports based on players using roller skates. Famous roller skating sports are artistic roller skating and speed skating.

Besides fun and health benefit of roller skating, it can be a dangerous recreational sport. Some cases of accidents are reported with roller skating if preventive measures are not taken. Males were more commonly wounded than females. When children are doing roller skating then their heads must be protected in case of a fall. They must wear helmet, knee pads, and elbow pads while doing roller skating.  It is important to check thoroughly the skates before starting session.

At the end, roller skating is a type of enjoyable muscle sport for all age groups. With precautions and following safety tips, it can be more enthralling and health booster game.

Brain stroke: Causes and Emergency Management

Humans are more prone to severe health problem in present day situation as compared to previous time because of some technical progression leading to negative repercussion and poor lifestyle.

 Stroke is explained as sudden neurological deficit caused by impairment of perfusion to the brain. Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is a serious medical syndrome possibly caused when blood supply to brain is interrupted and lead to loss of brain cells. In simple language, a stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of human brain is cut off. When oxygen is disrupted in blood, brain cells start dying within minutes. Brain stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. 

A stroke is a kind of medical emergency because strokes can be deadly or incur permanent disability. Attendants must rush to hospital and patient of ischemic strokes needs treatment in the first few hours after the signs of a stroke beginning.

Stroke can be of two types:

Stroke may be due to ischemia, blocked artery, or it can be haemorrhagic, bursting of blood vessel. In majority of cases, a blood vessel that takes blood to brain gets plugged.

Another type of stroke is Hemorrhagic stroke. There is low frequency of this type of stroke as compared to an ischemic stroke but can be more serious. A blood vessel in brain balloons up and bursts, or a weakened one leaks. It may be due to abnormally high blood pressure and consuming excessive blood thinner medicine.

Symptoms and Signs of stroke:

The symptoms of a stroke vary in patient. It totally depends upon the area of the brain affected by lack of oxygen. All strokes have symptoms related to damage of nerve function. The symptoms arise abruptly and mainly occur on one side of the body. These are as under.

-       Numbness

-       Weakness

-       Tingling

-       Vision loss or changes

Other symptoms include confusion, changes in the level of consciousness, trouble in speaking, trouble in understanding speech, vertigo, and balance problems. Headache, nausea, and vomiting in stroke indicate that there is bleeding inside the brain.

Risk factors for brain stroke are obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and diabetes. Furthermore genetics has vital role in developing this deadly condition. Brain stroke has dangerous health consequences such as paralysis of contralateral sides of the body, impairment of cognitive function, emotional difficulties and abnormal behaviours. Males are more susceptible to brain stroke as compared to females.

Diagnosis and treatment:

For effective treatment of brain stroke, emergency team needs to evaluate the type of stroke patient is having and the areas of brain affected by the stroke. Neurologists may conduct several tests to diagnose the causes and risk factor of stroke.

In emergency treatment, doctor must quickly restore blood flow to brain for the treatment of an ischemic stroke. Treatment with clot-busting drugs must be started within 3 hours if they are given into the vein.

In medical researches, it is mentioned that aspirin is an immediate treatment given in the emergency case to lessen the probability of having another stroke. Aspirin prevents blood clots from forming. But it must be assured with treating doctor.

For emergency treatment of haemorrhagic stroke, doctors mainly focus to control patient’s bleeding and dropping pressure in brain. Sometimes surgery is done to help reduce future risk.

Quick treatment of stroke increase the chances of survival of patient. When person is affected by stroke, time has great value. Attendants must call immediately to nearby clinic for instant treatment. Meanwhile, attendants must make the patient in comfortable position. Sooner, patient should be lying on one side with their head slightly raised and supported in case they vomit. It is not recommended to give anything to eat or drink.

To avoid stroke, person must improve their lifestyle. They must take a healthy diet, increase intake of fruits, vegetables, fish and certain herbs such as garlic. Eating oranges and other citrus fruits may help reduce stroke risk

To sum up, stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or is congested by a blood clot. It is imperative to give treatment immediately to save patient’s life.

Important note: This article is developed through environmental information and/ or personal view of writer. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement

Ice hockey: Wonderful team sport

Ice hockey is popular and exhilarating sport in countries like Canada, Russia, Sweden, Finland, the Czech Republic, the United States, Latvia, and Slovakia

The game is played on an ice rink measuring roughly 61m in length by 30m in width. Ice hockey is played by two teams on ice. The players wear ice skates on their feet and can skate across the ice speedily. They hold hockey sticks, which they use to push, shoot or pass a puck around the ice. The players score by shooting the puck into a net and the goaltenders try to stop them. Six players on each team play at once, but a whole team has over 20 players. Each team has 2 defenders, 3 forwards, and a goalie on the ice at a time. When any player do not follow rule, a referee calls a penalty, and the player has to sit in a penalty box. While the player sits in the penalty box, his team has to play without him, and that team has less players on the ice until the penalty is over.

To score a goal, a player must hit the puck over the goal line. They can use any part of their body or their stick to do so but cannot use their hand. The whole of the puck needs to cross the line to be deemed a goal.

For winning the game, one team has to score more goals than their rival team. If the game is a draw then the game goes into overtime and an additional quarter is played out until one of the teams score. The first team to score is declared as winner.

Rules of Ice Hockey:

-        The game begins in the centre circle with a face off. This is where the referee drops the puck in between two opposite players who then scrap to win position for their team. A faceoff may also be used to resume play after a stoppage in any of the attacking or defending face off zones.

-        Players may use physical force to win the puck off their rival. Body checking can be used but is not prohibited in the back or above shoulder height.

-        Players who are imposed to have committed a minor penalty are ordered to leave the ice for two minutes and their team play with 5 players for that duration.

In closing the sport knowledge, ice hockey is an Olympic sport, and there are more than a million registered players performing regularly in leagues around the globe. It is mainly recognized in Canada as a thriller game.

Plastic pollution is a major issue for environment and human health

Plastic pollution is a major issue for environment and human health

Our global community’s population is escalating at speedy rate and as a result, mammoth garbage is accumulating due to indecorous human activities. We commonly use easily disposable products, such as soda cans or bottles of water. But amass of these products has led to snowballing amounts of plastic pollution around the world. It is well known that plastic is composed of major toxic pollutants which has dangerous outcome in environment as well as on human health.

Plastic is a polymeric material. Plastic pollution occur when plastic waste is gathered in an area and has begun to negatively impact the natural environment and create glitches for plants, wildlife and even human populace such as killing plant life and posing threats to local animals. Plastic is an extremely useful material, but it also contains toxic compounds and cause illness.

Major grounds for plastic pollutions are as under.

Excessive use of plastic bags for shopping is major problem. Most of them are thermoplastics that are produced in huge quantity. When these plastics have been used, they are usually thrown away or discarded and pollute the environment. Pet bottles are also a leading cause of plastic pollution. These bottles are generally used for feeding or administering medication. They are changed frequently and the damaged bottles are disposed of and they pollute the environment. When plastic used by people is not recycled or reused, it creates pollution.  Plastic disposable cups, plates, forks and knives are also responsible to contaminate the atmosphere.

Plastic has worsening impact on humans. Plastics are composed of several toxic chemicals. Its uses and exposure are linked with a number of human health problems. Chemicals filtered from the plastics contain compounds like polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates. These chemicals may trouble the endocrine system and thyroid hormones and can be very disparaging to women of reproductive age and young children. Plastic pollution may cause birth defects, infertility, weakening of immune system, childhood development issues, pregnancy complications, problems in heart and brain, liver diseases.

Plastic pollution has gradually becoming a major annoyance and poses substantial threat to the whole environment which result in polluting land, air, and water. Plastic triggers air pollution. When plastics are burnt in the open air, it releases toxic chemicals into air. According to health reports, toxic chemicals released by burning e-waste can cause health problem like cancer, leukaemia and asthma. Whenever plastics are dumped in landfills, the dangerous chemicals present in them dribble underground when it rains. The leakage of chemicals and toxic elements penetrate into the aquifers and water table which indirectly affect groundwater quality. Ultimately, it spoils the efforts of water conservation around the world since it jeopardises the sustainability of the waters. In India as well as in other countries of world, many lakes and oceans are filled with alarming level of plastic debris floating on water surfaces. It leads to awful consequences to aquatic beings that swallow the toxic chemicals. Plastic chemicals also pollute water and reduce its quality.

In encapsulating the facts, it can be apprised that Plastic waste is a mounting concern among environmentalists, researchers and academicians as it has debilitating consequences on human health and surrounding environment.