Know about Kidney diseases
When a person suffers from kidney disease, he/she
may exhibit numerous physical signs, but sometimes people attribute them to
other conditions. It is also observed that in kidney disease person tend not to
experience symptoms until the very late stages, when the kidneys are damaged or
when there are large amounts of protein in the urine.
Kidney problems can be either acute or chronic. Acute
kidney problems come on quickly but the kidneys often recover after treatment. Chronic
kidney disease happens when the kidneys are impaired or are not functioning
properly.
When
person has kidney disease, he/she may show following signs:
Patient suffering from kidney disease feel more
tiredness, have less energy or have problem in concentration. Another complication
of kidney disease is anaemia, which can lead to weakness and fatigue.
Patient have difficulty in sleeping. When the
kidneys do not filtering properly, toxins stay in the blood instead of leaving
the body through the urine. This can make it difficult to sleep. There is also
a linkage between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and sleep apnea is more
common with patient of chronic kidney disease.
Patients have dry and itchy skin. Healthy kidneys function
properly and remove wastes and extra fluid from body, help make red blood
cells, help keep bones strong and work to maintain the right amount of minerals
in blood.
Patients go to urine frequently. If patients feel
the need to urinate more often, especially at night, this may be a sign of
kidney disease. When the kidneys filters are damaged, it can cause an increase
in the need to urinate.
Patients who have kidney problem may see blood in their
urine. Healthy kidneys typically keep the blood cells in the body when
filtering wastes from the blood to create urine, but when the kidney's filters
have been damaged, these blood cells can start to "leak" out into the
urine.
Patient’s urine is foamy. This shows protein in the
urine.
Patients of kidney disease may experience persistent
puffiness around their eyes. Protein in the urine is an early sign of kidney
disease.
Patients also exhibit the symptoms of swollen ankles
and feet. Decreased kidney function can lead to sodium retention that causes
swelling in feet and ankles.
Patients have a poor appetite. Though it is a
general symptom, but a build-up of toxins resulting from reduced kidney
function can be the cause of kidney disease.
Sometimes with kidney disease, there is symptom of muscles
cramping. This may be due to Electrolyte imbalances that impair kidney
function.
Kidney
disease and age: Statistical data signifies that
elderly people are at high risk of kidney diseases. It is because kidney
function reduces as people grow older.
Two
simple tests to check for kidney disease:
1. Albuminuria-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).
Albuminuria happens when there are higher amounts of a type of protein called
albumin in the urine. It is a common indicator of kidney damage. The ratio of
albumin-to-creatinine is recommended as the best technique to determine
albuminuria. All patients with chronic kidney disease should be tested for
albuminuria at least annually.
2. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This is
estimated from results of a blood-based creatinine test. It is a sign of how kidneys
are working to remove wastes from person’s blood. Glomerular filtration rate is
calculated using the serum creatinine and other factors such as age and gender.
In the early stages of kidney disease, Glomerular filtration rate may be
normal. If Glomerular filtration rate number is less than 60, it indicates that
person has kidney disease.
Major
risk factor for kidney diseases:
1. Diabetes
2. High
blood pressure
3. Cardiovascular
(heart and blood vessel) disease
4. A
family history of kidney failure.
Treatment:
If the kidneys fail, treatment options can be
dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace kidney function.
To prevent kidney disease, it is recommended by
doctors to do regular exercise, take balanced diet. It is said that garlic and
watermelon is good for proper functioning of kidneys. People must reduce salt
intake if they have complaint of kidney impairment. It is also advisable that
person must not take pain killers without prescription of doctor. It is
important to control blood pressure.
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