Migraine: causes and risk factors

Migraine is severe ache in which person suffer unbearable headache. These penetrating headaches can show symptoms like nausea; vomiting; sensitivity to sounds, smells, and light; and vision changes. If a person experiences irregular migraines, the headache and symptoms may last only for a day or two. If patients experience chronic migraines then the symptoms may occur for15 days or more each month. Migraine is most common medical condition between the age of 25 and 55. It can be said that migraine is simply a headache because normal functioning of central nervous system is disrupted.

Migraine is an enduring problem. It may begin in childhood and vanish and re-emerge in new ways throughout an individual’s life. Generally, there is a decrease in headache intensity and an increase in the incidence of a typical symptoms of migraine such as vertigo, ear pain, and bowel symptoms as patients mature.

When migraine attacks on individual, abnormal electrical activity may occur in the brain tissues. Initially it was supposed that blood vessel spasms caused this abnormal activity, but recent studies demonstrated that the electrical disruption is the prime event, and the blood flow changes are a response to the electrical disturbance. The propensity to generate this electrical disturbance is perhaps heightened by getting certain forms of the ion channels that set the electrical activity in these nerve cells. Ion channels are like chemical gates. They control the flow of sodium, potassium, and other elements in and out of nerve cells. Migraine may signify a set of biochemical abnormalities of these gates.

Why migraine occurs:

Migraine is still in research stage. Medical scholars have recognized probable causes, but there are no definitive causes.

Several possible causes are as under:

-      Central nervous system disorder. A fundamental disorder may set off a migraine episode when the disorder is elicited.

-      Vascular problem. Abnormalities in the brain’s blood vessel system may trigger migraines.

-      Genes. Genes play significant role in causing migraine in person. If a family member who experiences migraine headaches, it increases risk for having migraines in family.

-      Chemical abnormalities: Some brain chemicals and nerve paths are active during a migraine headache. Irregularities in any of these areas may cause migraine.

It is established in medical reports that migraine triggers are inimitable to each person. Causes of a migraine for one person might not be for others. It is not infrequent for a person to have numerous migraine triggers.

A migraine trigger is any environmental, dietary, or physiologic factor that can aggravate migraine activity in the brain.

The most common migraine triggers are mentioned below:

-      Food items such as salty foods or aged foods like cheese and salami, may trigger migraine headaches. Highly processed foods can cause a migraine.

-      People who skip meals may experience episodes of migraines.

-      Alcohol and caffeine may cause headaches.

-      Preservatives and sweeteners can generate a migraine.

-      Sensory stimulation such as bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells may set off a migraine headache. Strong scents, such as perfume, paint, and cigarette smoke can also cause migraine.

-      Hormonal changes can also cause migraine trigger for females. Changing levels of oestrogen may activate headaches.

-      Hormone medications such as birth control and hormone replacement therapies can trigger or deteriorate a migraine.

-      Continual stress can cause migraines. Stress deteriorate human body and mind if it is not controlled effectively.

-      Sleep disorder may cause migraine. If person is not having regular, routine sleep, he/she may experience more migraines.

-      Some times changes in weather and shifts in barometric pressure can trigger a migraine.

Treatment of Migraines:

Though researchers are continually involved to explore the causes and treatment techniques but medical advancement could not find solutions to migraine headache. These people are left untreated because they are displeased with therapy. Generally doctors treat migraines with two approaches that include abortive and preventive.

The aim of abortive therapy is to stop a migraine attack or to stop it once it starts. The recommended medications stop a headache during its prodrome stage or once it has begun and may be taken as needed. These forms of medication are particularly beneficial for people who vomit during a migraine, and they work quickly.

Abortive treatment medications consist of the triptans, which specifically target the chemical serotonin.

Preventive measures: Doctors advice to take preventive measures to lessen the impact of migraine. Medication to prevent a migraine can be taken daily. Different drug classes have been used successfully as preventive therapies.

Risk factors for Migraines:

Several risk factors are associated with migraine headaches. These risk factors are as under:

-      Age. Migraines can first appear at any age. Though, most people will experience their first migraine during teenage years.  

-      Family history. If person’s family member has migraines, he/she is more prone to migraine.

-      Gender. During childhood, boys experience migraine headaches more than girls. After puberty, girls are more likely to have migraine headaches than boys.

In essence, migraine intimidate persons and in this condition, they cannot do normal activities. It is always better to comprehend root causes and take preventive measures to avert this horrible state. 

Build beggar free society: Initiative to lessen crime

Begging is an intricate social issue which has substantial psychological consequences such as the development of inferiority complex in the beggars’ family members and their network of relationship as well as it will affect , as a unpleasant problem, the geographical and social structure of the cities.

The growing number of beggars in megalopolises, their tendency towards committing wrongdoings and crimes and the lack of an organized and purposeful management in solving this social problem is fuelling the social issue. Due to urbanization and population explosion have caused problems such as suburbanization, secreted unemployment, dishonest jobs, and the development of social problems such as begging in city locations.

Abundant of sociological studies have been conducted to evaluate concept of beggar.  Lewis’s theory of the culture of poverty specifies that poverty as a subgroup transmit from one generation to another and becomes institutionalized in the poor. Some characteristics which prepares the base for the phenomenon of begging. 

Some of these characteristics are as under:

1. Nonparticipation in public activities

2. Low level of relations and lack of voluntary associations

3. Felling of anonymity in the urban society, social isolation and tendency towards hermitage.

4. Anguish from some chronic illnesses and sometime malingering

5. Lack of specialised skills.

6. Long-term unemployment periods 

7. Presence of some spiritual and psychological characteristics such as low self-esteem; weak self – concept; tendency towards indolence, lack of cognitive mind; feeling of incapability; dependence on others and the feeling of unworthiness.

Begging develops in civilizations in which there are numerous social issues such as unemployment job for the people who have special skill and the society cannot successfully solve the problems of the poor people. Begging is both a means for adaptation to the environment to survive and a reaction which the poor individual exposes against his/ her feeling of unworthiness in order to struggle desperateness.

It is normally observed that in any social situation, beggars are found. It can be in traffic signal, trains or in streets. In context to India, though there is speedy economic development and technical advancement in many fields, India is still poverty driven country and beggars are found everywhere. Beggars are developed due to people are handicapped, their inability to work, they are old or blind or they really need money for basic needs. These are the major causes of real beggars.

But, many researchers have found that begging in India has become a big racket in the country. For some powerful people or Mafias, begging is a profession. There are begging gangs in cities like Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon, Mumbai, and Kolkata. These beggars are strongly associated with gangs and they do not want to work in any organization. These beggar gangs also give birth to many crimes. Therefore solid solution is needed to curb the problem of begging.

To resolve the beggar problem, government intervention is imperative. Many experts have stated that if the Government is serious to eradicate beggar problem then this can be reduced completely. Government has to introduce small cottage industries/small scale industries zone wise and these beggars should be made an association giving a good name to the association. It is necessary to offer zone wise shelters to beggars like providing only halls such that they can sleep during nights and can start their activity next day. The Government should implement a strict legislation that if anyone is begging and they should be counselled properly and can impose confidence in them such that they will never do the same begging activity. Elderly people above 6o years should be sent Government managed and NGO’s Managed Free Old aged homes. So that their basic needs are met and they do not go for begging in street, trains or other public place.

Begging is a major social inhibition of any society and it corrodes the dignity of human being in any culture. In society, where begging is wide spread, it is considered as substandard and globally, it leaves the impression that administration is not doing its job properly. It is highly recommended that government, social institutions, NGOs and people must come forward to resolve the issues of beggars and develop beggar free society. Besides government or other institutes, we as the citizens of this country has moral responsibility to stop this danger and the best way is to stop giving money to beggars. These steps will enhance the status of people in society and all have develop responsibility to make healthy society. 

Important: This article is an expression of writer on the basis of experience and available information. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement

Drop shipping is latest trend in business

In today’s business climate, there is a boom on online shopping and entrepreneurs explores innovative ways to satisfy the needs and desires of customer.  One unique process is drop shipping. There is a boom of this method today to meet the immediate requirement of shoppers. 

Drop shipping is a retail accomplishment method where there is no need to store the products. Instead, when a company sells a product, it purchases the goods from a third party and has despatched directly to the shopper. Consequently, the merchant never handles the product or maintain inventories. 

Major difference between drop shipping and conventional retail model is that the selling dealer does not stock or own inventory. As a substitute, the merchant purchases inventory as desired from a third party, normally a wholesaler or manufacturer to ship the product to end-users.   

Benefits:

This exceptional model has numerous advantages: 

-Major benefit of drop shipping is that companies or retailers do not need huge capital to launch store.  Traditionally, sellers have had to invest huge money on capital for keeping inventory.  In drop shipping model, seller do not have to purchase a product and have been paid by the customer. Without major up-front inventory investments, it's possible to begin a successful drop shipping business. 

Drop shipping business is easy to launch. With drops hipping, seller do not have to concern about:

 -Managing or paying for a warehouse 

-Packing and shipping your orders

-Tracking inventory for accounting reasons 

-Handling returns and inbound shipments 

-Continually ordering products and managing stock level 

- In drop shipping method of business, retailers have less overheads. They need not to deal with purchasing inventory or managing a warehouse, therefore overhead expenses are quite low. Actually, many successful drops hipping businesses are run from a home office with a laptop in less amount of money per month. As they get success in business, these expenses will likely increase but will still be low as compared to traditional brick-and-mortar businesses. 

-Another benefit is that there is flexible Location. A drop shipping business can be operate from anywhere with an internet connection. As long as business persons can communicate with suppliers and customers easily, they can operate and manage their business. 

-In this business, there are wife range of Products. As these retailers do not purchase the items earlier, they can offer diverse quality of products to their potential consumers. If suppliers stock an item, they can list if for sale on their website at no additional cost. 

Drop shipping alluring model to both beginners and established dealers. 

Disadvantages: There are certain drawbacks for Drop shipping business method: 

-There is low Margins to operate in a highly competitive drop shipping niche. It has been found that many merchants establish shop and sell items at very low prices to generate revenue.  

- There is an inventory Issues also in Drop shipping method. If seller stock all own items, it is easy to keep track of which items are in and out of stock. But when businessperson is sourcing from multiple warehouses, which are also fulfilling orders for other merchants, inventory changes on a daily basis. 

-In Drop shipping procedure, there are complicacy in shipping also.  If seller work with multiple merchants, the products on this website will be sourced through a number of different drop shippers. This complicates shipping costs. 

-There are also chances of supplier errors. Even the best drop shipping suppliers make errors to fulfil orders.

To recap, Drop shipping is a newest method of selling in-stock inventory through online merchants. With drop shipping, the online traders do not purchase the inventory that it sells earlier. Instead, when a customer makes a purchase, the order is directed to the brand, who then sends it directly to the purchaser

 

Major causes of insomnia in ageing population

Insomnia is a medical condition in which there is a difficulty in sleeping. According to health reports, it is common problem in aged people. In this condition, Normal sleep patterns are disturbed and it greatly affects sleeping and waking hours. People who suffer from insomnia may show symptoms like memory loss, irritability, depression.

Major causes of insomnia:

Insomnia may be secondary-disorder developed from some other health condition. It can also be caused by medications, and sleeping habits or the sleep environment also result in insomnia.

The most common causes are as under:

-Stress and Anxiety: Work-related pressures, death of a loved one, or other significant life changes that cause apprehension and distraction may affect sleep.

-Poor Sleep Hygiene: Behaviors, pre-sleep habits, the bed or surrounding environment may not be optimal for sleep.

-Irregular Sleep Schedule: It may be due to travel, jetlag, or unpredictable hours that disturb the body's internal clock.

-Consumption of Stimulants such as coffee, nicotine or other stimulants. 

-Consumption of Alcohol: Alcohol has a sedating effect initially promoting sleep, but later inhibits REM and fragments sleep.

In aged people, there are some additional causes for developing insomnia:

-Phase Advance: With age, the brains internal clock shifts to an earlier sleep cycle.

-Polypharmacy: Excessive medications can create side effects and a greater chance for drug interactions.

-Depression: It is more common cause of insomnia in the aged people.

-Pain. Arthritis, osteoporosis or other conditions causing physical pain or discomfort.

-Frequent Urination may lead to insomnia.

-Movement and Sleep Disorders: Restless leg syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, snoring, sleep apnea, and others are associated with insomnia.

-Neurodegenerative Disorders: Dementia, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Lou Gehrig's disease and other similar disorders can cause insomnia.

Symptoms of insomnia: People may show the following symptoms of insomnia.

-Harder time falling asleep.

-Awaken more often (3 to 4 times each night) and have greater memory of being awake.

-The difference between being asleep and awake is unexpected. This can make people feel like they are a light sleeper.

-People experience that they not getting enough sleep because less time is spent in deep, dreamless sleep.

-Confusion between day and night.

Diagnosis of insomnia:

Medical practitioners conduct several tests to diagnose insomnia in patients.

-Physical Exam: Doctor conduct physical examination through scanning a medical history, list of current medications, and description of sleeping habits of family members. The physical checkup may include one or more of the following tests.

EEG sleep studies.

Overnight oximetry.

Overnight polysomnography.

Mini-mental state exam.

Cardiopulmonary exam.

Upper airway exam.

Neurologic exam.

Musculoskeletal exam.

Blood or urine lab tests.

-Sleep Diary: A sleep diary, in which sleep and waking times, disturbances, habits, and feelings are recorded for 1-2 weeks, is also a useful tool to assess factors affecting sleep patterns.

-Sleep Study: If more information is needed, a polysomnogram, or sleep study, may be conducted and usually involves an overnight stay. The time taken to fall asleep and enter REM are measured; the stages of sleep are observed; and twitching, seizures, breathing patterns, oxygen saturation, heart rate fluctuations, and other conditions are monitored by a sleep specialist.

Effective treatment of Insomnia: 

Some medications are helpful in treating insomnia. These medications must be taken under the guidance of doctors. 

Treatment of insomnia should be started with nonpharmacologic therapy, addressing sleep hygiene issues and exercise. It has been observed that patients respond positively to cognitive behavior therapy. This therapy assists in changing inappropriate beliefs and attitudes about sleep such as misconceptions, intensifying consequences of sleeplessness. Key techniques include reattribution training (i.e., goal setting and planning coping responses), decatastrophizing (aimed at balancing anxious automatic thoughts), reappraisal, and attention shifting.

In relaxation techniques, patients are guided to tension and relax the major muscle groups sequentially, while observing the sensation of tension and relaxation.

Pharmacological treatment is also advised for Insomnia patients. It consists of the use of hypnotic drugs that induce sleep, mainly because they act on the main inhibitory system of the central nervous system, the GABA system. It is the last option.

To bind up facts about insomnia, it is appraised that Insomnia is mental syndrome that is pigeonholed by difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Additionally, insomnia is also linked to displeasure with the quality of sleep, thus resulting in daily physical and emotional symptoms that have substantial impact on social and cognitive performance of person.  Insomnia is preventable medical disorder. It is imperative that people suffering from sleep disorder must immediately visit to doctor. It is well established in medical reports that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a standard treatment for primary insomnia. Relaxation techniques also proved to be successful in many cases of insomnia. People must not afraid with insomnia. They can lead normal life through changing lifestyle, and getting best treatment.

Causes and cure of Necrophobia

Death fear is natural among all humans but when it affects the life of person, then it should be taken seriously. Necrophobia is intense dreadful feeling of death or dead things such as corpses, as well as things linked with death like coffins. 

Fear of death is prevalent in elderly people. For elderly people, fear of death is a natural feeling, ascribed to the need for existence. But a necrophobic might have experienced a harrowing event or maybe even had a brush with death themselves. Necrophobia is a type of phobia, and regarded as anxiety disorder. Term, Necrophobia is derived from the Greek words nekros (corpse) and phobos (fear). It can be simply stated that necrophobia is an irresistible fear of dead stuffs or things related with death. People who experience this kind of fear may develop intense anxiety and fear. They exhibit physical symptoms such as sweating, shaking, panic attack, shortness of breath, dizziness, trembling,and nausea when exposed to objects related to death.  

Patients gripped under necrophobic may develop other fears, such as a fear of leaving their house because facing dead things seems more likely outside, a fear of a violent attack or a sexual assault, or a fear of heights or of being in surrounded spaces. necrophobic people have problems to attend major events like funerals, and may develop severe anxiety symptoms with these situations. People may feel extremely stressed when watching horror films.

Symptoms of Necrophobia:

People who experience fear of death may display following physical symptoms:

shortness of breath,

rapid breathing,

irregular heartbeat,

sweating,

dry mouth and shaking,

feeling sick and uneasy,

psychological instability,

feeling of dread and trepidatio

Phobia has continued for long time and affect health of person. Fear of death is also denoted as thanatophobia or fear of the unknown. Whether the fear concerns the act of dying, things already dead or what comes next, it should not prevent someone from participating in life’s great events.

Causes of necrophobia:

There is no particular reason for developing necrophobia in people. But they experience the following:

-A traumatic childhood encounter with death. If near ones of person died unexpectedly, he/she may develop fear of death.

-When children have exposure to violent media, they are troubled by inappropriate exposure to frightening movies, TV shows, comic books, etc.

-Sometimes, people have near-death experience in their life. This may develop a feeling of fearfulness.

-Another major cause of developing necrophobia is family attitudes about death. Some families have very strong taboos around talking about, grieving, or even acknowledging death.

Effective treatment:

People can conquered Death phobia. It can be accomplished in several different ways such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications or a combination of both.

It is well observed in global society that common fears among people is necrophobia, the fear of dying. Sometimes people are frightened of anything that can be related to death, such as funerals, medical centres and violent media, horror films. In extreme cases, this phobia leaves patients crippled with trepidation. Though this phobia is one of the gravest, but patients can fully recover from irrational fear through education and cognitive treatment.

Choosing starters for vegetarian parties

Starters and snacks play important role when we host a party. It is major task to choose yummy starter to impress the guests. Indians are fond of fried snacks and love to eat tasty items in huge gathering. With reference to Indian party, veg starter are served with green or tamarind (Imli) chutney. 

Delightful Paneer Tikkas: 

This is the delicious starter normally chosen in parties. To make this tikkas, follow recipe: 

Preparation Time: 10 mins 

Cooking Time: 15 mins   

Makes 4 servings  

Ingredients: 

To Be Mixed Into a Marinade-

1/2 tsp lemon juice

1/2 tsp chilli powder

1/2 tsp roasted and ground cumin seeds (jeera)

3/4 cup fresh curds (dahi)

1/2 tsp ginger (adrak) paste

1/2 tsp green chilli paste

1 tsp black peppercorns (kalimirch) powder

1/2 tsp carom seeds (ajwain)

1 tsp fennel seeds (saunf) powder

3/4 tsp turmeric powder (haldi)

1/3 cup besan (bengal gram flour)

1 tsp oil

salt to taste

a few strands saffron (kesar) strands , dissolved in 1 tbsp milk

Other Ingredients-

12 paneer (cottage cheese) cut into 50 mm. (2”) cubes

1 tbsp oil for cooking

1 tsp chaat masala

1 tbsp finely chopped coriander (dhania) 

Procedure: 

I. Combine the paneer and marinade in a bowl, toss gently and keep aside to marinate for atleast ½ hour.

II. On a satay stick, arrange 3 pieces of paneer. Repeat with the remaining ingredients to make 3 more stays.

III. Heat a non- stick tava and cook the satays on a medium flame using oil till he paneer is light brown in colour from all sides. Serve immediately sprinkled with chaat masala and coriander.

 Ingredients: 

To Be Mixed Into a Marinade- 

1/2 tsp lemon juice

1/2 tsp chilli powder

1/2 tsp roasted and ground cumin seeds (jeera)

3/4 cup fresh curds (dahi)

1/2 tsp ginger (adrak) paste

1/2 tsp green chilli paste

1 tsp black peppercorns (kalimirch) powder

1/2 tsp carom seeds (ajwain)

1 tsp fennel seeds (saunf) powder

3/4 tsp turmeric powder (haldi)

1/3 cup besan (bengal gram flour)

1 tsp oil

salt to taste

a few strands saffron (kesar) strands , dissolved in 1 tbsp milk

Other Ingredients-

12 paneer (cottage cheese) cut into 50 mm. (2”) cubes

1 tbsp oil for cooking

1 tsp chaat masala

1 tbsp finely chopped coriander (dhania) 

Procedure: 

I. Combine the paneer and marinade in a bowl, toss gently and keep aside to marinate for atleast ½ hour.

II. On a satay stick, arrange 3 pieces of paneer. Repeat with the remaining ingredients to make 3 more stays.

III. Heat a non- stick tava and cook the satays on a medium flame using oil till he paneer is light brown in colour from all sides. Serve immediately sprinkled with chaat masala and coriander.

It is observed that people remember grand parties through special menus selected and the way it is served. Delicious starters can add thrill and enjoyment in party and host will get real satisfaction to entertain their guest and make their moment memorable.

Cyber Law entices candidates as a legal profession

 Today populace of world in inclined to virtual media for myriads of activities. Internet sphere is known as cyberspace and the laws governing this area are called Cyber Laws. For candidates who are exploring new career opportunities, field of Cyber law serve as a growing career options. Cyber law is significant aspect of legal training and corporate management. Legal and management experts regularly enrol for cyber training. The present cyber law education trends in India demonstrates that online cyber law education in India would be the standard in coming years.

In technically advanced scenarios, people are more reliant on digital technology and this also give rise to many crimes. Internet was initially developed as a research and information sharing instrument, and meant to be huge knowledge but it was in an unregulated way. People use range of business activities such as with e-business, e-commerce, e-governance and e-procurement. All the legal issues associated to the internet crimes are being dealt through the Cyber-Laws. As the number of internet users is on increase with the changing times, there is a need for cyber laws and their application is control any heinous crime done through digital technology. Cyber lawyers deal with cases of cyber-crimes against persons, property and government.

 

India has enacted an IT Act 2000, which has laid down strict laws against those committing cybercrimes such as hacking, credit card frauds, cyber stalking, blackmailing, pornography and the crimes related to Intellectual Properties, Copyrights, and Trademarks. Cyber law professionals deal with these type of crimes. And it emerged as a novel branch of Cyber Law. Many youngsters are desirous to make career in law as the technology firms are growing up along with the dotcoms, which would provide these Cyber Lawyers a profitable job opportunity. Currently, all the electronic records would be kept under a legal framework of Cyber Laws.

 

The Course of cyber law is best suited for following candidates: 

 

   Law students & lawyers

   IT students & professionals

   Police & law enforcement officials

   IT Security Professionals

   Network & Systems Administrators

   Management students & professionals

   Chartered Accountants

   Company Secretaries

   Commerce students

 

The various evolving developments include

Challenges in Mobile Laws

Legal Issues of Cyber Security

Cloud Computing and Law

Social Media and Legal Problems

Spam Laws

 

Eligibility:

 

Candidates who opt this career must be graduate in any discipline or Fourth and Fifth year students of Five year integrated LL.B course who passed three years are also eligible for cyber law. The minimum duration of the course is 6 Months and maximum duration is 2 years.

 

Courses Offered in cyber law are as under:

 

Diploma in Cyber Law,

PG Program in Cyber Law,

Advanced Program in International Cyber Laws

PG Program in Cyber Crime Prosecution & Defence

ASCL Certified Cyber Crime Investigator

ASCL Certified Digital Evidence Analyst, fees

PG Program in Cyber Crime & Corporate Liability

PG Program in Cyber Security & Incident Response

Advanced Program in Cyber Warfare & Defence, fees

 

Institutes that offer Courses In Cyber Laws:

 

Asian School of Cyber Law (Mumbai)

Indian Law Institute (Delhi)

NALSAR (Hyderabad)

Indian Institute of Information Technology (Allahabad)

National Law School of India (University of Bangalore)

Symbiosis society’s Law College (Pune)

Asian School of Cyber Laws (Pune)

Centre for Distance Education (University of Hyderabad)

Amity Law School (Delhi)

Department of Law (University of Delhi)

Cyber Law College (Chennai, Mysore, Mangalore, Bangalore)

 

It can be said that the introduction of new digital information and communications technologies introduce a new legal sphere, Cyber Law which can benefit thousands of law students to shape promising career and touch the height of success. With the remarkable growth of cyberspace, issues relating to various legal aspects of cyberspace started gathering up. Experts can use their talent to resolve cyber issues and augment their career into new altitude.