Employee management at work

Employee management in fluctuating business climate is a complicated phenomenon. Since last many decades, there is a fast growth in the workforce which has created new developments to deal with employee relations. It poses great challenges to management team in organization. In global business environment, management has to tackle numerous employment issues and preserve talented employees to meet the giant targets of company.

Hitherto, management role was restricted to maintain relationship between a boss and followers who worked on given instructions of management without objections. Currently, the concept of management has been changed because of constant changes around the world and in the business environment. Therefore, it is a challenging task to manage employer-employee relations. To cope up these challenges in external business environment, human resource managers need to enhance skills such as active listening, flexibility and make changes in decision-making process. This professional expertise enables the management team to resolve difficult issues that may occur within their workforce.

Presently, business environment is transforming due to varying needs of consumer advanced production processes, and hi-tech revolution in scientific field. These changes exert pressure on organizations to develop strategic business practices to facilitate change to adjust to the global business. Therefore, it is vital for organization to acclimatize the process of change in competitive environment through proposing effectual technique for implementation.

Numerous studies have signified that today issues related to personnel put great impact on organization than earlier business environment. Companies are more involved in developing innovative strategies to entice and retain brilliant employees that represent fundamental shifts in employer and employee relationship. In modern business atmosphere, people are less committed to their firms. On the other hand, employers do not guarantee stability and long-term job security. The traditional concept of employee faithfulness is not working.

To wrap up, employee management is an intricate process that corporations use to successfully manage all exchanges with personnel, to attain goals. To effectively manage employees, the human resources department has immense role through providing good training and coaching managers and executives to nurture relationships with employees.

Causes of developing fear of Height: (Acrophobia)

People are frightened in many dreaded situations. Acrophobia is a phrase derived from Greek word “acron” which means height. Person who experience extreme fear and nervousness with heights may develop mental disease known as acrophobia. It is one of the persistent types of phobia. Individual who suffer from this fear may experience intense terror simple climbing the stairs.

Major causes of developing acrophobia:

It is commonly observed that phobia occurs due to a shocking incident related with falling from a great height or such accidents. In such cases, fear of person magnified and he may develop acrophobia.

Symptoms of Acrophobia:

Person suffer from acrophobia may exhibit following symptoms:

The onset of panic attacks and vertigo. Vertigo is the abnormal mental condition in which the person fears of developing faintness.

-Intensely fearful of climbing, going down or being at a height

-Anxiety upon expectation of great heights

-Immediate reactions such as lowering the body, kneeling, going down instantly or desperately finding something to clutch when brought to a height

-Complete avoidance of places at height.

-Realizing that the fear is immaterial

-May or may not develop vertigo.

-Panic attacks accompanied by physical signs such as sweating, trembling, fainting or dizziness, nausea and vomiting, trouble in breathing, chest pain, racing heartbeat, numbness around limbs, getting frozen, detachment from reality and feeling that one is getting mad.

If person suffer from symptoms of acrophobia since last six months, he/she must see the doctor for medical treatment.

Treatment options:

There are several therapies and medications can be used by mental health professionals to treat acrophobia in people.

1. System Desensitization and Exposure therapy:

This is a very effective therapy in acrophobia. The therapist exposes the person to a fearful subject, and tries to lessen the extent of fear slowly. In the case of acrophobia, patents may be given task related with heights such as climbing stairs. The therapist would learn why and how the person gets fearful. Through regular sessions, the therapist would increase the height and try reducing the level of fear.

Another way to treat this phobia is relaxation methods. The therapist would teach different relaxing ways such as breathing control, muscle relaxation and mental visualization to the person to deal with the fear.

2. Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT):

The aim of cognitive Behavioural therapy is to focus on recognizing the negative thoughts and images related with the fear of heights. The therapist will have enclosed counselling sessions with the person, and tries swapping the negative thoughts with positive thoughts. The prime motive is to alter the fearful behaviour to a positive behaviour by teaching different coping abilities.

3. Medications:

Sometimes, mental health professionals prescribe certain medications as a treatment process. Aim is to lessen the fearful feeling. Commonly used medicines are anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medicines to control the symptoms associated with acrophobia.

To wrap of facts, fear of heights is an incapacitating anxiety syndrome that affects majority of people at global scale

Proteinuria (Bubbles in urine): knocking serious disease

Some medical conditions give birth to life-threatening diseases if not treated timely. Foams or bubbles in urine should not be taken lightly. It may knock serious health problems. Generally, waste products of metabolism are expelled from the body by the kidneys through the urine. The urine contains wastes that have been filtered from the blood by the kidneys, and it is a pale, straw yellow, or amber-coloured liquid that excreted from the body through the urethra. Urine contains water, uric acid, urea, inorganic salts, ammonia, and blood pigments that have been broken down. In normal course, urine is not foamy. 

Foamy urine may be linked with an abnormal medical condition. If a person passes foamy urine regularly, it may be indication of some disease which must be checked by doctors.

Major causes of foamy urine: 

Fast urination may lead to foaming in the urine. Some people ignore going to the bathroom and their bladder is full. This can cause forceful urination, and results in fast emptying of the bladder. The stream of urine that follows hits the toilet rapidly and causes foam in urine. If people do not drink enough water or fluids then it results in dehydration which leads the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. This also leads to foamy urine. But these causes are not serious and through lifestyle changes, foams may disappear. 

When female is pregnant, it is normal to have bubbles in urine. This is because kidneys in some women enlarge and so does the permeability of the glomerulus. This leads to traces of protein in the urine causing bubbles. It is recommended to visit an obstetrician for check-up. 

Bubbles in urine may also experience by women during the first 2 days of their menstrual period. But it is normal. 

If there is regular formation of foam in urine, it is cause of worry. Person must seek advice of medical practitioner for diagnosis and treatment.

People who have hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes have higher risk of seeing bubbles in their urine. 

There are chances of protein in urine that can cause foamy urination. Small quantity of protein may be naturally expelled in the urine. When protein is excreted in huge amounts, it is abnormal condition, known as proteinuria that indicate the kidney damage. This condition is a bit difficult to be lessened effectively. If a person in the stage 1 or stage 2 CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) then he/she has great chances of getting reversed. However, if person is in the advanced stages of Chronic Kidney Disease, he/she may not recover effectively as kidney function have lost at least a half. It is necessary to take a test to check kidney function, especially when person exhibit symptoms like swelling and fatigue. 

Some conditions may cause proteins to be filtered out into the urine.

These are as under: 

1. Kidney infection: An infection in the urinary tract caused by bacteria or fungi can result in foamy urine. This is usually accompanied by a burning pain during urination. 

2. Kidney damage: People who suffer from kidney disease as a complication of diabetes or kidney stones can also lead to foamy urine. To diagnose kidney disease, urinalysis may be done, followed by other relevant tests such as the dipstick test and other blood tests. A 24-hour urine collection may also be requested for better evaluation of kidney function.

3. Excess dietary intake of proteins 

Excess protein in the urine can come from causes such as inflammation of the glomerulus. It may also be the sign of a kidney malfunction, a side effect of a drug, rheumatoid arthritis, or various other conditions. If person experiences excess protein in urine, he/she must visit doctor and arrange for a test to confirm. 

If person is getting cramps or pain in his/her lower back, this could be a sign of kidney disease.

 Vesicocolic Fistula is another abnormal cause of bubbles and/or foam in urine. This happens when there is an abnormal connection between the colon and the bladder and swelling forms on the bladder. This infection is more prevalent in men. 

Proteinuria may be detected in a urinalysis. 

Treatment options:  Treatment depends on the causes of foaming urine. 

If foams in urine appear due to dehydration, there is no treatment or intervention needed. But person can take preventive measures to control this problem such as. 

•           Increase water intake and maintain adequate hydration. 

•           Avoid unnecessarily holding the urine for longer period. 

•           Avoid passing urine quickly or in a rush. 

•           Consult a healthcare provider if the condition does not resolve. 

If foamy urine is diagnosed due to presence of protein in urine, it indicates the pathophysiology of proteinuria turns around the impairment to the kidney or renal apparatus. Treatment depends on the identification of the causative agent and control of symptoms through suitable antibiotic and other medications to control the infection process. 

Fistula formation is an abnormal medical condition that is usually reported in the setting of Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory bowel condition. Suitable medical care should be given to lessen the risk of complications. 

Foamy urine due to presence of Semen may appear in extremely small amounts. Sometimes, traces of semen are left on the urethra that may flush down with urine. A condition known as retrograde ejaculation may also cause foamy urine, in which there is malfunctioning of the urinary sphincters that causes the back flow of semen. For treatment, appropriate medical or surgical treatment should be sought to arrest the symptoms. 

Foamy Urine due to kidney disease such as Individuals with renal disease (secondary to hypertension or diabetes) often complaints of foamy urine. Diagnosis is done through urine analysis and relevant tests.

After evaluation of symptoms, suitable treatment should be given to address the patient concerns and to control the damage. 

Natural remedies to treat bubbles in urine: 

·         Person must reduce the intake of salt and protein. 

·         Person must maintain blood sugar level. 

In brief, it is scrutinized that foamy urine is most common cause of malfunctioning of kidney. Because, the main function of kidneys is filtration. Any damage caused to it inhibits in the filtration system. It is pressing problem and person must contact doctors for immediate treatment.

 

Which item to be recycled and how

Humans use range of material for personal purposes and throw it as a waste after utilizing. Researchers realized that some of the items can be recycled. In poverty driven societies such as in third world countries, there is a huge significance of recycled products as these are cost effective and within reach of lower middle class people. Put it in another way, recycled products are beneficial for many people and they can use these items to fulfil their requirements. It is imperative to know the type of items which can be recycled.

At first, people must understand the concept of recycling. Recycling is a process in which used and discarded materials are collected and processed and produced as new items. The main objective of recycling of waste products is to lessen the amount of waste that is discarded by people in to dustbins and in turn create a healthy and biodegradable atmosphere. This will help inhabitant to breathe fresh air. Simply elaborated, recycling is the procedure to convert the used or abandoned materials from daily waste into novel merchandises.

Indian and global industrialists and suppliers of recycling products include recycled machines, waste recycled plastic products, recycled shopping bags, recycled pet resin, pet granules, HDPE pellets, recycling bins. Industrial products involves finding raw materials from different sources. Raw materials may be from forests or mines also. They are then shipped to manufacturing unit.

It is established in numerous reports that recycling is excellent process which converts waste into reusable item and it has a positive impact on life of global populace. Recycling is beneficial for the natural environment and people.

The amount of garbage is increasing rapidly in the environment we live because of increasing wealth. Today needs of people are high due to technological advancement. Consumers are buying more products and eventually they create large amount of waste. Another factor that is responsible for voluminous waste is population explosion in country like India. This leads to create waste in huge quantity.

In modern business climate, merchandise allure customers through new packaging and offering technological products. It is observed that many of these products contain materials that are not recyclable. People today espoused new lifestyle such as eating fast food. This in turn creates additional waste that is not biodegradable.

Major Items that can be recycled are as under

-       Glass

-       Paper

-       Plastics

-       Various metals 

List of household items:

It is good to know which household items are to be recycled. Some of these are mentioned below:

§  Appliances

§  Batteries

§  Bicycles

§  Books – donate to your Local library

§  Bottle caps

§  water filter

§  Cleaners

§  Chip bags

§  Clothes

§  Cooking oil

§  Cork

§  Cosmetics

§  Diapers

§  Drink pouches

§  Eye glasses

§  Fire extinguisher

§  Furniture

§  Hair Blow Dryers and Flat Irons

§  Legos

§  Mattresses

§  Medications

§  Music instruments

§  Packaging peanuts, foam

§  Shoes

§  Smoke alarms

§  Snack wrappers

§  Toothbrushes

§  Toothpaste tubes

§  Toys

Procedure of recycling:

Major process in recycling involves waste separation after collection, processing the recyclable waste and lastly manufacturing products from the waste.

The steps involved in the process earlier to recycling are as under:

1.   Collection of waste from doorsteps and commercial places.

2.   Collection of waste from community junkyards.

3.   Collection/picking up of waste from final disposal places.

The garbage created in the household can be recycled and reused. Organic kitchen waste such as leftover foodstuff, vegetable peels, and spoilt or dried fruits and vegetables can be reprocessed by putting them in the compost pits that have been dug in the garden. Old newspapers, magazines and bottles can be sold to the kabadiwala, a person who buys these items from homes.

In Indian context, presently, Indian waste management is mainly focused on practices such as composting and landfills, in urban areas. Actually, most solid waste is disposed of in low-lying open land areas. Although municipal waste management corporations collect the waste but it is not segregated properly. The prime step is to appropriately collect waste by environmentally recycling procedure and scientific disposal. There are several good waste management companies in India. These companies help the country and its cities to manage waste of all kinds very successfully.

These companies are as under:

-      EcoWise ISO certified Indian waste management company.

-      Antony Waste Handling Cell Private Limited is a Mumbai based Indian waste management company.

-      Synergy Waste Management Private Ltd company offer solutions such as collection of Garbage, transportation, treatment and Disposal of Bio Medical Waste from Various DHS Hospital, private Hospitals, nursing Home, diagnostics Centres, laboratories, blood Banks and Colleges.

-      Vermigold Ecotech Pvt Ltd offers range of services such as waste Management System, right criteria, Science behind the System, Waste Audit Consultancy.

-      Hanjet Biotech Energies convert solid waste into fuel to run power plants.

-      Arora Fibres reprocesses plastic bottles into polyester used as packaging material.

Some advantages of Recycling:

Recycling waste decreases the demand on raw materials. It also reduces waste disposal by landfill or by burning which in turn assist in lessening pollution and global warming.

Recycling process is helpful for society as it decreases the amount of domestic waste which is sent to landfills and incinerators.

In many countries such as South Africa and the United Kingdom, policies have been implemented by governmental organizations for highly efficient recycling projects. Many commercial places such as, malls, towns, restaurants have all been furnished with colour coded bins responsible for the disposal of various materials. In United Kingdom, there are strategies for segregation of household waste under the supervision and directions of municipal authorities. Residents and businesses must separate their trash and put them into separate bags for collection.

To encapsulate the concept of recycling, it is appraised that in present environment, recycling is an effectual tactic where waste or used products are reproduced into new merchandises. It really helps in making cleaner environment and create healthy living for species on earth. Most items can be recycled, although there are specific techniques used to recycle different material, including metal, plastic and paper. The entire process of recycling involves some fundamental steps. The used material has to be collected, and then sorted according to its type. Then producing usable goods from the sorted items. After the goods were produced, manufacturers sell to recycled goods to the consumers or a specific market. Positive aspect of recycling technique is that this process helps to retain green environment as well as offer more usable objects to public without exploiting extra resources.

Important: This article is an expression of writer on the basis of experience and available information. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement

Migraine: causes and risk factors

Migraine is severe ache in which person suffer unbearable headache. These penetrating headaches can show symptoms like nausea; vomiting; sensitivity to sounds, smells, and light; and vision changes. If a person experiences irregular migraines, the headache and symptoms may last only for a day or two. If patients experience chronic migraines then the symptoms may occur for15 days or more each month. Migraine is most common medical condition between the age of 25 and 55. It can be said that migraine is simply a headache because normal functioning of central nervous system is disrupted.

Migraine is an enduring problem. It may begin in childhood and vanish and re-emerge in new ways throughout an individual’s life. Generally, there is a decrease in headache intensity and an increase in the incidence of a typical symptoms of migraine such as vertigo, ear pain, and bowel symptoms as patients mature.

When migraine attacks on individual, abnormal electrical activity may occur in the brain tissues. Initially it was supposed that blood vessel spasms caused this abnormal activity, but recent studies demonstrated that the electrical disruption is the prime event, and the blood flow changes are a response to the electrical disturbance. The propensity to generate this electrical disturbance is perhaps heightened by getting certain forms of the ion channels that set the electrical activity in these nerve cells. Ion channels are like chemical gates. They control the flow of sodium, potassium, and other elements in and out of nerve cells. Migraine may signify a set of biochemical abnormalities of these gates.

Why migraine occurs:

Migraine is still in research stage. Medical scholars have recognized probable causes, but there are no definitive causes.

Several possible causes are as under:

-      Central nervous system disorder. A fundamental disorder may set off a migraine episode when the disorder is elicited.

-      Vascular problem. Abnormalities in the brain’s blood vessel system may trigger migraines.

-      Genes. Genes play significant role in causing migraine in person. If a family member who experiences migraine headaches, it increases risk for having migraines in family.

-      Chemical abnormalities: Some brain chemicals and nerve paths are active during a migraine headache. Irregularities in any of these areas may cause migraine.

It is established in medical reports that migraine triggers are inimitable to each person. Causes of a migraine for one person might not be for others. It is not infrequent for a person to have numerous migraine triggers.

A migraine trigger is any environmental, dietary, or physiologic factor that can aggravate migraine activity in the brain.

The most common migraine triggers are mentioned below:

-      Food items such as salty foods or aged foods like cheese and salami, may trigger migraine headaches. Highly processed foods can cause a migraine.

-      People who skip meals may experience episodes of migraines.

-      Alcohol and caffeine may cause headaches.

-      Preservatives and sweeteners can generate a migraine.

-      Sensory stimulation such as bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells may set off a migraine headache. Strong scents, such as perfume, paint, and cigarette smoke can also cause migraine.

-      Hormonal changes can also cause migraine trigger for females. Changing levels of oestrogen may activate headaches.

-      Hormone medications such as birth control and hormone replacement therapies can trigger or deteriorate a migraine.

-      Continual stress can cause migraines. Stress deteriorate human body and mind if it is not controlled effectively.

-      Sleep disorder may cause migraine. If person is not having regular, routine sleep, he/she may experience more migraines.

-      Some times changes in weather and shifts in barometric pressure can trigger a migraine.

Treatment of Migraines:

Though researchers are continually involved to explore the causes and treatment techniques but medical advancement could not find solutions to migraine headache. These people are left untreated because they are displeased with therapy. Generally doctors treat migraines with two approaches that include abortive and preventive.

The aim of abortive therapy is to stop a migraine attack or to stop it once it starts. The recommended medications stop a headache during its prodrome stage or once it has begun and may be taken as needed. These forms of medication are particularly beneficial for people who vomit during a migraine, and they work quickly.

Abortive treatment medications consist of the triptans, which specifically target the chemical serotonin.

Preventive measures: Doctors advice to take preventive measures to lessen the impact of migraine. Medication to prevent a migraine can be taken daily. Different drug classes have been used successfully as preventive therapies.

Risk factors for Migraines:

Several risk factors are associated with migraine headaches. These risk factors are as under:

-      Age. Migraines can first appear at any age. Though, most people will experience their first migraine during teenage years.  

-      Family history. If person’s family member has migraines, he/she is more prone to migraine.

-      Gender. During childhood, boys experience migraine headaches more than girls. After puberty, girls are more likely to have migraine headaches than boys.

In essence, migraine intimidate persons and in this condition, they cannot do normal activities. It is always better to comprehend root causes and take preventive measures to avert this horrible state. 

Build beggar free society: Initiative to lessen crime

Begging is an intricate social issue which has substantial psychological consequences such as the development of inferiority complex in the beggars’ family members and their network of relationship as well as it will affect , as a unpleasant problem, the geographical and social structure of the cities.

The growing number of beggars in megalopolises, their tendency towards committing wrongdoings and crimes and the lack of an organized and purposeful management in solving this social problem is fuelling the social issue. Due to urbanization and population explosion have caused problems such as suburbanization, secreted unemployment, dishonest jobs, and the development of social problems such as begging in city locations.

Abundant of sociological studies have been conducted to evaluate concept of beggar.  Lewis’s theory of the culture of poverty specifies that poverty as a subgroup transmit from one generation to another and becomes institutionalized in the poor. Some characteristics which prepares the base for the phenomenon of begging. 

Some of these characteristics are as under:

1. Nonparticipation in public activities

2. Low level of relations and lack of voluntary associations

3. Felling of anonymity in the urban society, social isolation and tendency towards hermitage.

4. Anguish from some chronic illnesses and sometime malingering

5. Lack of specialised skills.

6. Long-term unemployment periods 

7. Presence of some spiritual and psychological characteristics such as low self-esteem; weak self – concept; tendency towards indolence, lack of cognitive mind; feeling of incapability; dependence on others and the feeling of unworthiness.

Begging develops in civilizations in which there are numerous social issues such as unemployment job for the people who have special skill and the society cannot successfully solve the problems of the poor people. Begging is both a means for adaptation to the environment to survive and a reaction which the poor individual exposes against his/ her feeling of unworthiness in order to struggle desperateness.

It is normally observed that in any social situation, beggars are found. It can be in traffic signal, trains or in streets. In context to India, though there is speedy economic development and technical advancement in many fields, India is still poverty driven country and beggars are found everywhere. Beggars are developed due to people are handicapped, their inability to work, they are old or blind or they really need money for basic needs. These are the major causes of real beggars.

But, many researchers have found that begging in India has become a big racket in the country. For some powerful people or Mafias, begging is a profession. There are begging gangs in cities like Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon, Mumbai, and Kolkata. These beggars are strongly associated with gangs and they do not want to work in any organization. These beggar gangs also give birth to many crimes. Therefore solid solution is needed to curb the problem of begging.

To resolve the beggar problem, government intervention is imperative. Many experts have stated that if the Government is serious to eradicate beggar problem then this can be reduced completely. Government has to introduce small cottage industries/small scale industries zone wise and these beggars should be made an association giving a good name to the association. It is necessary to offer zone wise shelters to beggars like providing only halls such that they can sleep during nights and can start their activity next day. The Government should implement a strict legislation that if anyone is begging and they should be counselled properly and can impose confidence in them such that they will never do the same begging activity. Elderly people above 6o years should be sent Government managed and NGO’s Managed Free Old aged homes. So that their basic needs are met and they do not go for begging in street, trains or other public place.

Begging is a major social inhibition of any society and it corrodes the dignity of human being in any culture. In society, where begging is wide spread, it is considered as substandard and globally, it leaves the impression that administration is not doing its job properly. It is highly recommended that government, social institutions, NGOs and people must come forward to resolve the issues of beggars and develop beggar free society. Besides government or other institutes, we as the citizens of this country has moral responsibility to stop this danger and the best way is to stop giving money to beggars. These steps will enhance the status of people in society and all have develop responsibility to make healthy society. 

Important: This article is an expression of writer on the basis of experience and available information. Writer is not responsible for any disagreement