Extensive use of contactless technology worldwide

Contactless technology is familiar notion today for all of us as this technical procedure is used by people since last two decades. Contactless technology emerged as an innovative payment technique, which enable users to make their purchases without having card come into direct contact with the terminal. It help people to conduct transactions fast, easily and safely.

Contactless technology denotes to contactless smart card technology. Contactless smart cards contain small but sophisticated computers and interconnect with card readers wirelessly via short-range radio frequency. A contactless smart card is adept to deliver the highest levels of computer security to protect person’s identity, privacy and/or sensitive financial information.

Contactless technology was coined by the Britishers during World War II to recognize aircraft returning from mainland Europe. This system, the IFF (Identify: Friend or Foe) system, was the first general use of radio frequency identification (RFID).

Presently, millions of people use contactless technology daily in bank payment cards, passports, identity cards, and transit fare cards for secure, fast and convenient transactions.

Operation of contactless card for payment:

1. Check that payment card has the contactless symbol.

2. At participating merchants, where users see the contactless symbol, let the merchant know user wants to pay using their contactless card and whether they like a receipt for the transaction.

3. When the transaction amount is shown on the terminal, hold card within 4cm of the contactless symbol.

4. The terminal will indicate once transaction is approved. It is important to collect receipt if users asked for one, and they are done.

Security features:

-      Contactless cards are designed using the same secure system as Chip & PIN, so users can freely use while shopping.

-      Every contactless card has array of strong security features which shield user information and protects against any cyber fraud.

-      Contactless cards only work when they are just a few centimeters from the card machine.

Contactless smart card technology is perfect for physical access control applications. Because ID credentials and readers are typically exposed to the elements and have high usage, sealed contactless technology prevents damage when cards and readers are exposed to dirt, water, cold, and other harsh environmental conditions.

Prime benefits of using contactless smart card technology for physical access are mentioned below.

•      High speed of access and high throughput

•      Useable in harsh or dirty environments

•      User friendly: It does not require insertion of the card into the reader. No issues with orientation of the card. It can be kept in wallet or purse for personal security during use.

•      Same high level of security as contact smart cards (e.g., digital signatures)

•      Protected storage of data on the card.

•      Flexibility to incorporate multiple applications with different modes.

•      More durable and reliable cards.

•      Compatible to accommodate local security staffing, training and implementation.

•      Established international standards (ISO/IEC).

In closing statement, Contactless technology is established technology originally developed to help identify objects. This technology has advanced and has numerous new applications, such as access control, inventory management, data exchange, contactless point-of-sale payments and toll collections. Contactless technology has feature to make payment at speedy rate through contactless card.

Information about Dental Hygienist: Good career choice

Dental hygienist work with dentists. Candidate who chooses this career must be well adept in medical field. Dental hygienist involve in the work of precautionary dental care.  Dental hygienists are licensed professional. Some are permitted to work without dentist control.

Today, the demand of Dental hygienist is very high. Dental Hygiene is used with different methods, whether it is whitening creams to a simple toothbrush. If people care for their mouth they can consider themselves to have a healthy mouth. Some people are just too lazy, either that or they claim to not have any time to brush or floss. Unfortunately this can lead to oral diseases such as Halitosis, Gingivitis, Gum Disease, Tartar, Plaque and so much more. Dental hygienist extends good services and protect patient from these conditions. The dental hygienists use controlled bleaching techniques and reinstate teeth with the use of limited classes of fillings.

To opt career as a dental hygienist, candidate must have a formal education.  Normally it consists of a two year degree of science and general education basics. It includes courses on oral anatomy, period ontology and clinical skills.

For training, candidates can easily enrolled in dental hygiene programs in community colleges, technical schools, and universities.

They use hand and gyratory instruments, x-ray machines to take dental pictures. To clean and polish teeth, the dental hygienist makes use of ultrasonic. To shape winning career as a dental hygienists, candidate should have good interpersonal relationships with people.

Dental hygienists can easily find job in their area.

Major Duties of Dental Hygienists:

-Remove tartar, stains, and plaque from teeth.

-Apply sealants and fluorides to help protect teeth.

-Take and develop dental x rays.

-Document patient care and treatment plans.

-Counsel patients about oral hygiene techniques.

It is well settled that role of dental hygienist is very important as they attend first to patient suffering from dental problems and prepare repot about number of sufferings. Today, job prospects for dental hygienists is thriving as more and more people are coming for dental treatment or dental cosmetic. People suffer from dental pain due to poor food habits therefore they frequently visit to dentists for consultation. 

Alarming signal for heart attack due high blood pressure

High blood pressure is most commonly heard medical condition in our society. People take blood pressure lightly and continue to break eating rules, ignore precautions. Especially in special occasions like marriages, New Year celebration, birthday parties, normally it is a general thought that we are just taking for this moment and will not shoot up my blood pressure. In other words, they are ignoring their health hazards and inviting severe condition that can be deadly.

In today’s scenario, people are fond of eating as in mall culture, there is flood of junk food. Whenever we go for outing, we eat these foods without actively comprehending its dangerous consequences. These poor lifestyle silently attacks on our body system and we are thrown to medical emergency cabin. Among other deadly diseases, heart attack is shivering name for all of us. Though there are many causes of heart attacks, but high blood pressure is alarming signal and it must be taken seriously.

Hypertensive heart disease is a heart conditions instigated by high blood pressure. Medical studies have revealed that hypertensive heart disease is leading cause of death associated with high blood pressure. It denotes to a cluster of disorders such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy.

High blood pressure brings on heart failure by causing left ventricular hypertophy, a thickening of the heart muscle that results in less effective muscle relaxation between heart beats. In such condition, heart functions are disrupted and there is difficulty to fill with enough blood to supply the body’s organs, especially during exercise, leading human body to hold onto fluids and heart rate to increase.

According to reports, the excess strain and resulting damage from high blood pressure leads to the coronary arteries serving the heart to slowly become narrowed from a build-up of fat, cholesterol and other substances that together are named as plaque. As arteries harden with plaque, blood clots become more likely to form. When an artery becomes choked due to an accumulation of plaque or a blood clot, the flow of blood through the heart muscle is interrupted, starving the muscle of oxygen and nutrients. The damage or death of part of the heart muscle lead to heart attack.

Major Symptoms of heart failure are as under:

Ø Shortness of breath

Ø Swelling in the feet, ankles, or abdomen

Ø Difficulty sleeping flat in bed

Ø Bloating

Ø Irregular pulse

Ø Nausea

Ø Fatigue

Ø Increased frequency to urinate at night

Risk factors for Hypertensive Heart Disease:

The main risk factor for hypertensive heart disease is high blood pressure. People are at high risk when:

v They are overweight

v They do not exercise enough

v They have smoking habit

v They eat high-fat and high-cholesterol foods

Important tips to measure blood pressure accurately:

-      Do not smoke or drink caffeine (for 30 minutes before).

-       Do not measure blood pressure when person is upset or in pain.

-      Empty bladder or bowel, if necessary.

-      Sit quietly with feet flat on the floor and back resting against the back of a chair or a firm surface for at least 5 minutes before measuring and during measurement.

-      Use the same arm each time. Remove bulky or tight clothing from arm completely.

-      Wrap the cuff tightly around bare upper arm (2 fingers should fit between the blood pressure cuff and arm). The edge of the cuff must be 3cm above elbow.

-      Place arm on a table or a firm surface. The cuff must be at the level of heart.

-      Do not talk or watch TV during the test.

At what stage, person suspect that he is undergoing heart attack:

When a person complains for pain or pressure in the chest then attends must suspect that it is a warning sign of heart attack. However, pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck or jaw can also be a sign, and shortness of breath, nausea or light-headedness. If you experience one or more of these threatening signs, immediately call to doctor.

Person needs emergency care if his/her heart is abruptly beating rapidly or irregularly. People must immediately seek specialist’s care if they faint or have severe pain in their chest.

It is stated by medical professionals that men are more probable to get heart disease as compared to women who have not gone through menopause.

Level of blood pressure as recommended by American Heart Association:

Treatment for hypertensive heart disease depends on the seriousness of patient’s illness, age, and his medical history.

To prevent Hypertensive Heart Disease, it is necessary to monitor and maintain blood pressure.

Eating healthy foods will lower blood pressure and cholesterol and prevent heart problems.

It is recommended to maintain a healthy weight, getting adequate sleep, and exercising regularly.

We all know high blood pressure has dangerous health concerns. There is a need to make perfect plan for diet and daily exercise to maintain healthy body and remain free from disease.

User Interface Designing technology for common man/aspiring candidates

In technically blasting epoch, Interfaces facilitate interaction between humans and world. These media can aid clarify, brighten the associations in world stage, manage expectations of people, and facilitate people to access to myriads of services. The interface is the part of the computer system with which the user interacts in order to use the system and attain his or her objective. The designing of interfaces is not a fun. It is a thorny task. Well-designed interfaces can motivate, induce, and strengthen human relationship.

User Interface, abbreviated as UI Design has immense significance in business realm. It mainly focuses on users operations and ensures that the interface has simple and easy to access features. UI collages the notions of interaction design, visual design, and information architecture.

To understand in layman’s viewpoint, user interface engineering of designing is the strategy of user interfaces for machines and software, such as computers, home appliances, mobile devices, and other electronic devices that intend to make best use of usability and the user experience. The prime objective of user interface design is to simplify the user's interaction and make it more efficient to realize user goals (user-centered design).

Major UI principles are:

-        The structure principle:  Technical professionals must design in such a way that it organizes the user interface decisively, in meaningful and useful manner based on clear, consistent models so that these are apparent and decipherable to users. Design should correlate related things and separate unrelated things, differentiate dissimilar things and making similar things resemble one another. The structure principle is concerned with overall user interface architecture.

-        The simplicity principle:  Professional must make simple design, communicate smoothly and simply in the user’s own language, and providing good shortcuts that are eloquently related to longer procedures.

-        The visibility principle:  UI design should keep all possible options and materials for a given task visible without disrupting the user with inessential or redundant information. Good designs do not engulf users with too many alternatives or blur them with superfluous information.

-        The feedback principle:  UI design should keep users informed of actions or interpretations, changes of state or condition, and errors or exceptions that are pertinent and of interest to the user through clear, succinct, and clear-cut language conversant to users.

-        The tolerance principle:  UI design should be flexible and tolerant, reducing the cost of errors and misuse by allowing undoing and redoing. The design must be such that it averts errors wherever possible by tolerating varied inputs and sequences and by interpreting all sensible actions reasonable.

-        The reuse principle: UI design should reuse internal and external components and behaviours, maintaining constancy with purpose rather than merely arbitrary consistency. In turn, it will reduce the need for users to rethink and remember.

For technical aspirants who are fervent to shape their career as a UI Designer must amass through knowledge of this rapidly growing technology and which offers massive job options at global scale. Candidates must be adept in crafting visual concepts for computer applications, programs and websites. They must have ability to simplify the interaction between users and technology. In this technical profession, candidates must hold a bachelor's degree or greater in digital or graphic design, human-computer interaction, interactive media or a related field. To make winning career as a user-interface designer, candidate must develop skills in CSS, Javascript and HTML, as well as expertise with design programs, such as Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator.

Key task of user interface designer:

Major task of User interface designers is to create functional and visually tempting user interfaces for websites, databases, computer programs and applications. They must guarantee that icons and features revealed on the interface of a computer program can be easily interpreted by users without unnecessary explanation, thus making areas where users directly interact with technology are easy and intuitive to use.

The user interface designer must be adept in gaining comprehensive understanding of the user’s requirements, as well as understanding of the capabilities and functions of the program, website or application for which they are designing the interface. It will help users to go from point A to point B in a graceful and simple manner. This involves an amalgamation of research and creation. User interface designers must work out how a user would want to use the product, and then determine how those preferences fit within the product’s function.

Professionals must be careful while designing user interface, as a poorly designed interface can cause a user to make shattering errors. Additionally, due to poor user interface design, many software systems are never used.

Job responsibilities of user interface designer:

Prime job responsibilities of designers are as under:

-        Consolidate information to be contained on the interface.

-        Communicate with user experience scholars.

-        Integrate user preferences into basic models of designs.

-        Test design models by watching users and try to use them.

-        Designers must develop interfaces for computer programs, websites or databases.

-        Designers may be responsible for coding using Javascript, HTML and other coding languages.

-        They must maintain and update program, website or database as deemed necessary by the client.

-        Designer must identify and repair any imperfections.

-        It is the responsibility of designers to train client in the use of the program, website or database.

Recruiting firms for user interface designers:

Numerous small, medium and giant organizations recruit competent candidates as a User interface designers on a part-time, full-time or on contractual basis. Some organizations also recruit freelancers for their user interface designing projects.

Companies that employ User Interface Designers are as under:

•        Graphic design studios

•        Online advertising agencies

•        Multimedia companies

•        Web service companies

•        Websites and web-based businesses

•        Software development companies

To wrap up the notable facts about user interface designing, it is well established prime objective for most user interface designers is to produce user-friendly interfaces. An approachable interface emboldens users to discover the interface to find out where things are and what happens when they do things, without harbouring negative feelings and dangerous

Risk factors of lung cancer and life expectancy

Among various deadly diseases, Lung cancer also threatens human life and cause of cancer deaths in both men and women around the globe. Lung cancer can be understood by common man as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide quickly and form lumps.

People generally are gripped into lung cancer due to excessive cigarette smoking. Passive exposure to tobacco smoke can also results in lethal lung cancer.

People can well comprehend that there are two types of lung cancer, which grows and spreads differently. These include:

Small cell lung cancers (SCLC)

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC).

Stages of lung cancer:

There are various stages of lung cancer that denotes to the extent to which the cancer has spread in the human body.

-      Non-small cell lung cancer has four main stages:

Stage 1: Cancer is found in the lung, but it has not spread outside the lung.

Stage 2: Cancer is found in the lung and nearby lymph nodes.

Stage 3: Cancer is in the lung and lymph nodes in the middle of the chest.

Stage 3A: Cancer is found in lymph nodes, but only on the same side of the chest where cancer first started growing.

Stage 3B: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes on the opposite side of the chest or to lymph nodes above the collarbone.

Stage 4: Cancer has spread to both lungs, into the area around the lungs, or to distant organs.

-      Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has further two main stages. In the limited stage, cancer is found in only one lung or nearby lymph nodes on the same side of the chest.

The broad stage means cancer has spread throughout one lung, to the opposite lung, to lymph nodes on the opposite side, to fluid around the lung, to bone marrow and to distant organs.

Major Symptoms of lung cancer:

Symptoms are similar for both types of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer).

Initially patients exhibit following symptoms:

1.   Lingering or worsening cough.

2.   Coughing up phlegm or blood.

3.   Complain for chest pain that it worsens when they breathe deeply, laugh, or cough.

4.   Hoarseness

5.   Shortness of breath

6.   Wheezing

7.   Weakness and fatigue

8.   Loss of appetite and weight loss

Risk factors for lung cancer:

It is well observed and people know that smoking is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. That includes cigarettes, cigars, and pipes.

Tobacco products contain thousands of toxic substances. Reports of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that people who smoke cigarettes are 15 to 30 times more susceptible to get lung cancer as compared to non-smokers.

Another biggest risk factor that leads to lung cancer is exposure to radon, a naturally occurring gas.

Exposure to radon, a naturally occurring gas also augment risk of lung cancer.

People who breathe in unhygienic condition are under great risk of lung cancer.

Heredity factor is not yet well known but plethora of medical researchers found that a family history of lung cancer does increase risk up to some extent. Cases of hereditary lung cancer is reported more in female patients.

Diagnostic procedures of lung cancer:

When patient visit to doctor, he/she perform thorough physical examination, and after that doctor recommends some specific tests, such as:

Imaging tests: An abnormal mass can be seen on X-ray. MRI, CT and PET scans. These scans produce more detail and find smaller lesions.

Sputum cytology: If you produce phlegm when you cough, microscopic examination can determine if cancer cells are present.

A biopsy can determine if tumour cells are cancerous.

For treatment for lung cancer, doctors use combination of procedures according to the stage of cancer such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy as well as newer experimental methods.

Life expectancy of patients suffering from lung cancer:

It is a highly complex question as none of the doctor can exactly tell about how long patient will live with lung cancer. It depends on his medical situation, treatment and level of fitness.

In general, the life expectancy of patients suffering from lung cancer depends on numerous factors such as type of lung cancer, stage of disease, race and gender.

Preventive measures to curb lung cancer:

When persons are diagnosed with lung cancer. At early stage, they can control this lethal ailment through espousing several lifestyle changes and proper medication.

Ø Patients must eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables. Choose a healthy diet with ample of fruits and vegetables. It is suggested to avoid heavy doses of vitamins in pill form, as they may be injurious.

Ø Exercise must be done regularly in clean environment.

Ø People must avoid exposure to toxic chemicals at work.

Ø Smoking is prohibited for people suffering from lung cancer.

To cope up with lung cancer, patients must quit smoking, expand social network through many social media sites to share their anguish associated with lung cancer. They must keep in touch with support group to get help in case of seriousness.

In brief, Lung cancer is prime cancer slayer of human worldwide. According to medical reports, it can be treated if diagnosed at early stage. Person must not smoke heavily and adopt healthy habit to enhance life expectancy. 

Sleep paralysis: Whether rooted in psychological illness or paranormal condition

 Mind is magical human machinery that controls whole body. Since ancestral epoch, human experiences malfunctioning of brain when foreign entity disturbs or due to some emotional anguish. In such irk conditions, mental bug intrudes in brain and mislead human life.

One such mental ailment is Sleep paralysis. It is very common in people and this medical condition disturbs the normal life. Sleep paralysis can also lead to serious stress and other health consequences. Majority of people report at least one symptoms of sleep paralysis several times a week. Sleep paralysis is a condition that may occur in normal subjects or be associated with narcolepsy cataplexy, and hypnagogic hallucinations. It is incapacity to move for quite a few minutes, either before, or after waking up. It usually occurs during the REM (rapid eye movement) sleeping state, which is medically considered as the deepest state of sleep. So, it can be explained by a desynchronized disconnection between mind and body. It may appear in the case of people of different ages. Sleep paralysis is likely to occur after long periods of sleeplessness.

 

 

Common symptoms include sensations of terror, very lively hallucinations, paralysis, strange noises, moving images, the sensation of high pressure on the body, without being able to get rid of that which causes the pressure. Sleep paralysis can run in families, but the actual cause of sleep paralysis is not agreed upon or even understood. The main causes are sleeping position, excessive stress, bad sleeping habits, lack of sleep, unexpected changes in the environment or lifestyle, etc. This sleep disorder is not damaging, but those experiencing sleep paralysis are frequently fearful since they do not know what is happening to them.

 

The hallucinations allied with sleep paralysis do not have truthful logic. It is considered by experts that illusions experienced by person reflect dream imagery that intrudes into waking mindfulness.

In real life scenario, I met with one female friend who narrated her experience of sleep paralysis that was really frightening. After just awakening from sleep, she told that “My eyes were open and I experienced that something was happening in room like shapeless and dark entity was moving around me, but I could not respond to that. I tried to yell but my muscles were jammed. But when she was relocated to other house, she never had such experience. This event diverted us towards paranormal activity rooted in sleep paralysis stage. Such events are chilling vision but we cannot conclude the strong link of this mental syndrome with paranormal condition. 

It has been observed that people who have orthodox beliefs may associate intense fear during night with paranormal events and interfere with sleep. Many patients recovered from this mental ailment and there is negative link with paranormal beliefs.  It is difficult to find the scientific basis of paranormal aspect of sleep paralysis.

 Individuals suffering with isolated sleep paralysis must be counseled that they do not have mental illness. Most of them do not require any other medical treatment. During paralysis episodes, patients may be advised to try moving the facial muscles and moving eyes from one side to the other. This may speed up the termination of the attack. In severe cases, where attacks take place at least once a week, medication may be used.

 Last word:

Condensing the scientific facts of sleep paralysis, it can be elucidated that stress and sleep disturbances augment the episodes of sleep paralysis. Therefore, to minimize the number of episodes, patients are advised to get enough sleep, reduce stress, exercise regularly, keep a regular sleep-wake schedule and sleeping on the side may help the patient. It is necessary for person to modify his lifestyle to combat such disease and live healthy life. Sleep paralysis is haunting experience which may leave negative impact on individual.